Configuring Network Addressing & Internet Connections Flashcards
Lesson 5A
The Internet is a global network of networks. The core of the Internet consists of high bandwidth fiber optic links connecting
Internet exchange points (IXPs)
establish high-speed links between their networks, using transit and peering arrangements to carry traffic to and from parts of the Internet they do not physically own.
Internet service providers (ISPs)
a physical location where networks and communication devices connect to the internet. connection to the ISP’s network uses its nearest
point of presence (PoP)
Many internet connection types make use of the national and global
telecommunications network referred to as with fiber optic cabling
public switched telephone network (PSTN).
National and gloabal network that is made of legacy copper wire cabling
plain old telephone system (POTS),
higher frequencies available in these copper telephone lines as a communications, channel enable high bandwidth, full duplex transmissions. The RJ11 WAN port on the modem connects to the phone point. The RJ45 interface connects the modem to the router.
RJ11
- Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL) downlink rates up to about 24 Mbps and uplink rates of 1.25 Mbps or 2.5 Mbps.
- Symmetric versions of DSL same uplink and downlink speeds
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
a specialized broadband router designed specifically for small businesses and home offices, providing connectivity and managing data transmission between devices like computers and printers within a small network, often with features like firewalls, VPN support, and advanced security options compared to a typical home router
(Small Office/Home Office) SOHO router
A cable Internet connection is usually available as part of and described as hybrid fiber coax (HFC), as it combines a fiber optic core network with copper coaxial cable links to customer premises equipment.
Cable Modem
cable access TV (CATV)
supports downlink speeds of up to 38 Mbps (North America) or 50 Mbps (Europe) and uplinks of up to 27 Mbps. DOCSIS version 3 allows the use of multiplexed channels to achieve higher bandwidth.
Cable Modem
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)
forwards data traffic via the fiber backbone to the ISP’s point of presence and from there to the internet.
cable modem
cable modem termination system (CMTS)
a general term describing a broadband network architecture where optical fiber is used to deliver internet connectivity to a specific point, represented by the “X”, which could be a home, building, cabinet, or other termination point
fiber to the X (FTTx)
retains some sort of copper wiring to the customer premises while extending the fiber link from the point of presence to a communications cabinet servicing multiple subscribers. (VDSL) to support FTTC w. Over 300 m (1,000 feet), an asymmetric link supports 52 Mbps downstream and 6 Mbps upstream, while a symmetric link supports 26 Mbps in both directions.
fiber to the Curb (FTTC)
provider’s fiber optic cable is run all the way to the customer’s building, is implemented as a passive optical network (PON).
street cabling
fiber to the premises (FTTP)
a single fiber cable is run from the point of presence to an optical line terminal (OLT) located in a street cabinet.
street cabling
passive optical network (PON)
a device that connects optical fibers and manages signal transmission in and located in a street cabinet.
Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
splitters direct each subscriber’s traffic over a shorter length of fiber to and installed at the customer’s premises and converts the optical signal to an electrical one, connected to the customer’s router using an RJ45 copper wire patch cord.
optical network terminal (ONT)
microwave radio system provides far bigger areas of coverage
than can be achieved using other technologies. transfer rates available vary between providers and access packages, but 2 or 6 Mbps up and 30 Mbps down, lantency issues of orbit being thousands above earth.
Geostationary Orbital Satellite Internet Access
satellite
A different type of service uses an array of satellites positioned in low, suppor are lower latency (100–200 ms RTT). better bandwidth (around 70–100 Mbps. Drawback, dish has to be positioned to floating moving satillites.
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites
uses ground-based long-range fixed access wireless technology. The WISP installs and maintains a directional antenna to work as a bridge between the customer’s network and the service provider.
wireless internet service provider (WISP)
wireless networking facilitates communications over much larger distances using mobile devices, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands used by Wi-Fi have limited range
Cellular radio
- typically works in the 850 and 1,900 MHz frequency bands (mostly in the Americas) and the 900 and 1,800 MHz bands (rest of the world).
- Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) has a replaceable subscriber identity module (SIM) card.
- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) handset is directly managed by the provider and there is no removable SIM card.
wifi
3G cellular radio
supported by both the GSM and CDMA network providers. LTE devices must have a SIM card issued by the network provider installed.
4G
standard uses different spectrum bands from low (sub-6 GHz) to medium/high (20–60 GHz). Low bands have greater range and penetrating power;
5G
Rather than a single large antenna serving a wide area wireless cell , 5G involves installing many smaller antennas to form an array that can take advantage of multipath and beamforming to overcome the propagation limitations of the spectrum.
massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
use a protocol that can distinguish between the private LAN and public WAN, contains the identity of both the network and a single host within that network.
Internet Protocol (IP)
a device that connects devices to a network, such as the internet, and allows them to communicate with each other, forwards packets around an internetwork using IP addresses. Varieties:
* LAN
* SOHO
* WAN
Router
device divides a single physical network into multiple logical subnetworks.
LAN router
Device forwards traffic to and from the Internet or over a private WAN link.
WAN Router
controls which computers are allowed to connect to them and which types of traffic you will accept.
Firewall
a network security device that combines multiple security features into one, such as antivirus, content filtering, and anti-spam.
firewall
unified threat management (UTM)
A basic firewall is configured with rules, referred to as a
network access control list (ACL)
