Explain OS Types Flashcards
Lesson 12A
macOS
Ubuntu Linux desktop with apps for package and file management open.
iOS 15 running on an iPad.
Android 11 home screen.
Ubuntu installer applying default ext4 formatting to the target disk.
Running PC Health Check to verify compatibility with Windows 11.
operating systems is divided into four mainstream types:
- Business client
- Network Operating System (NOS)
- Home client
- Cell phone (smartphone)/Tablet
Operating Systems Brands
- Windows Mircrosoft
- Apple MacOS
- Linux
- Unix
- Chrome OS
Kernel
the core of an operating system (OS), acting as a bridge between the hardware and software, managing system resources and enabling applications to run smoothly.
Unix
is a family of multi-user, multitasking operating systems,
Android
derive from Openset alliance which is open source. Source code is made publicly available for Acer and Asus can use.
iOS
derives from Unix and is closed-sourced and can only be modified by Apple
File System Types
High-level formatting sets up a disk partition with a file system, making it ready for use by an operating system, which supports specific file system types.
New Technology File System (NTFS)
NTFS, a proprietary file system by Microsoft for Windows, supports 64-bit addressing for large volumes and files, with practical size limits ranging from 137 GB to 256 TB based on Windows version and allocation unit size.
NTFS features
- Journaling
- snapshots
- secuirty
- POSIX Compliance
- Indexing
- Dynamic Disks
NTFS features
Journaling
NTFS ensures data integrity by re-reading, verifying, and logging written data, marking bad sectors, relocating data, and using journaling for efficient recovery after power outages or crashes.
NTFS features
snapshot
make read-only
copies of files at given points in time
NTFS features
Security
file permissions and ownership/encrypting file system (EFS)
NTFS features
POSIX Compliance
To support UNIX/Linux compatibility
NTFS features
Indexing
Indexing Service creates a catalog of file and folder locations and properties, speeding up searches.
NTFS features
Dynamic Disks
disk management feature allows space on multiple physical disks to be combined into volumes.
file system
FAT32
The FAT file system, including its variant FAT32, uses a file allocation table for organization, supports up to 2 TB volumes and 4 GB files, lacks NTFS reliability or security features, and is commonly used for system partitions, removable drives, and cross-device compatibility.
exFAT
The FAT file system, including its variant FAT32, uses a file allocation table for organization, supports up to 2 TB volumes and 4 GB files, lacks NTFS reliability or security features, and is commonly used for system partitions, removable drives, and cross-device compatibility.
Linux File Systems
Linux distributions primarily use the ext file system (ext3 for journaling, ext4 for improved performance), support FAT/FAT32 as VFAT, and utilize protocols like NFS to mount remote storage devices.
Apple File System (APFS)
Compatibility concerns:
- device hardware
- software app
- host-to-host compatibility for exchanging data over a network
- user training requirements
- cpu/memory
trusted platform module (TPM)
is a specialized chip on a computer’s motherboard that enhances security by securely storing cryptographic keys used for encryption and decryption
vendor life cycle
- public beta phase - used to gather user feedback
- supported phase - releases patches/updates
- extended support phase - vendor continues to issue critical patches
- end of life (EOL) system - no updates/critical security.
