Installing System Devices Flashcards
Lesson 2A
is the fan, which dissipates the heat generated with DC and AC currents of voltage levels. Motherboard/outlet compatitibility with national input voltage of 120 VAC/internationa 230 VAC. Some are dual voltage. PC is 200-300 watts/enterprise 300 W
power supply unit (PSU)
Connects to PSU and supply DC voltage to the motherboard and devices at 3.3 VDC, 5 VDC, and 12 VDC. Port: P1 connector. also have a number of Molex and/or SATA device also have a number of Molex and/or SATA device.
Power Supply Connectors
power connector cables that are detachable from the unit. Reducing the number of cables to the minimum required minimizes clutter within the chassis, improving air flow and cooling
modular PSU
A computer system may be fitted with two PSUs, with one acting as a failover, commonly found on server systems than on desktop PCs. hot-swappable.
Redundant Power Supplies
is a block of copper or aluminum with fins. is “glued” to the surface of the chip using thermal paste to ensure the best transfer of heat by eliminating small air gaps, and fan connected to disspate heat from CPU.
Heat Sinks and Thermal Paste
refers to a system of pumping water around the chassis. Water is a more effective coolant than air convection, and a good pump can run more quietly than numerous fans. Usually for gamers.
liquid-based cooling system
Non-volatile storage devices hold data when the system is powered off. use magnetic, optical, or solid-state technology to store data. The computer chassis has several drive bays to fit these
form factors. widths: 5.25 inches,
3.5 inches, and 2.5 inches.
Mass Storage Devices
uses flash memory technology to implement persistent mass storage.
solid-state drive (SSD)
form factor allows an SSD packaged
as an adapter card to be plugged into a combined data and power port on the
motherboard.
mSATA
PCIe-based SSDs use the non-volatile memory host controller interface specification (NVMHCI)
NVM Express (NVMe).
adapter card form factor is considerably smaller than a PCIe adapter and oriented horizontally rather than vertically, so the interface is often used on laptops as well as PC motherboards.
M.2 slot
stores data on metal or glass platters that are coated with a magnetic substance with a read/write head, where the platters spun by a spindle and divided into 5124 bytes.
hard disk drive (HDD)
This method of Mass Storage has a fail safe mechanisim protecting OS system files/user files. it can be on software or disks are connected to SATA ports on the RAID controller adapter
card, rather than to the motherboard and hot swappable. with 0,1, 6 and 10 levels.
redundant array of
independent disks (RAID).
This type of RAID Disk striping divides data into blocks and spreads the blocks in a fixed order among all the disks in the array. only has specialist uses—typically as some type of non-critical cache store. requires at least two disks,
RAID 0 (Striping without Parity)
If one disk fails, the other takes over. is a mirrored drive configuration using two disks. Each write operation is duplicated on the second disk in the set, introducing a small performance
overhead.
RAID 1 (Mirroring)
Distributed parity means that error correction information is spread across all the disks in the array. The data and parity information are managed so that the two are always on different disks.
RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity)
is a logical striped volume (RAID 0) configured with two mirrored arrays (RAID 1). This configuration offers excellent fault tolerance, as one disk in each mirror can fail, and the volume will still be available.
RAID
RAID 10 (Stripe of Mirrors)
a storage device that can be moved from
computer to computer without having to open the case or to storage media that is
removable from its drive.
Removable storage
HDDs and SSDs can be provisioned as removable storage in an enclosure. The
enclosure provides a data interface (USB, Thunderbolt, or eSATA), a power connector (if necessary), and protection for the disk.
Drive Enclosures
Some Drive enclosures can be connected directly to a network rather than to a PC
network attached storage (NAS).
—also called a USB drive, thumb drive, or
pen drive— with a USB connector and protective cover.
flash drive
form factor is used in consumer digital imaging products, such as digital still and video cameras, and to expand smartphone and tablet storage. with reader drive
memory card
are mainstream storage formats for music and video retail. All types of optical media
use a laser to read the data encoded on the disc surface. available in recordable and rewritable formats
Compact Discs (CDs)
If there is not enough system RAM, the memory space can be extended by using
disk storage.
pagefile or swap space
The total amount of addressable memory (system RAM plus swap space) is referred to as
virtual RAM.
The bus between the CPU, memory controller, and memory devices consists of a data pathway and an address pathway
address space
is hardware in a computer that stores data currently in use so it’s quickly available to the processor.
RAM
Modern RAM TYPE stores each data bit as an electrical charge within a single bit cell.
A bit cell consists of a capacitor to hold a charge (the cell represents 1 if there
is a charge and 0 if there is not) and a transistor to read the contents of the
capacitor.
Dynamic RAM
Modern RAM - is so-called because its speed is synchronized to the motherboard system clock.
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
Modern RAM - makes two data transfers per clock cycle. Subsequent generations of DDR technology—DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5—
Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)
is a printed circuit board that holds a group of RAM devices that act as a single unit. DDR for desktop system memory is packaged in a form factor called dual inline memory module (DIMM). Motherboard DIMM slots (dual channel). Slots 1 and 3 (black slots) make up one channel, while
slots 2 and 4 (grey slots) make up a separate channel.
Memory Modules
Laptop RAM is packaged in a smaller form factor. The memory is typically fitted into slots that pop-up at a 45º angle to
allow the chips to be inserted or removed.
Small Outline DIMM
(SODIMM).
dual-channel architecture for DDR memory controllers, increasing speed and architectural improvements of CPU
technologies. With a dual-channel memory controller there are effectively two 64-bit pathways through the bus to the CPU, meaning that 128 bits of data can be sent per transfer rather than 64 bits.
Multi-channel System Memory
is a type of RAM that can detect and automatically correct single-bit errors in data stored within the memory, used for workstations and servers that require a high level of reliability. ECC can also detect errors of 2, 3, or 4 bits but cannot correct them. Instead, it will generate an error message and halt the system.
Error correcting code (ECC) RAM
It’s a type of memory module that’s commonly used in high-performance computing systems and servers.
Registered Dual In-Line Memory Module (RDIMM)
