Introduction to pediatric nursing Flashcards
Birth-20 years
Roughly ¼ of the population
Kids = adults
Major goal of pediatric nursing is to improve quality of health care for children and their families
Health promotion: Healthy People 2030
Pediatric pop
Health and care provided last throughout adulthood
Huge emphasis on health ped pop esp first 5 yrs - which then lasts throughout adulthood
Kids falling behind missed because not in school yet
Habits/Chronic Health Conditions
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) - big impacts on mental health and kids
Kids = adults
Goal: increase quality and length of healthy life and eliminate health disparities
Looking how improve things
Prenatal care? - lack this - children increased risk birth issues/trauma
Development: meeting milestones? - are they meeting milestones - means something going on; earlier intervene quicker help child meet milestones and get therapy needed to be more successful kid can be
Nutrition: access so food? Resources? - single most predictor of childhood growth; have nutrition needed?; food desert or not?; edu on type food and nutrition needed and have; lot ped nursing focused on edu parents and reassuring them
Oral health: chronic illness/minority children - huge concern esp minor pops
Health promotion: Healthy People 2030
Children may not be able to follow directions or make decisions to keep them away from danger during a disaster. - explore world and not know when putting themselves at risk
Children’s bodies use energy quicker than adults’ do, and they need food and water more often. - not sustain BG; not sleep 12 hrs - need stay hydrated
Children have thinner skin and breathe faster than adults do, making them more likely to take in harmful substances through the skin or breathe them in. - newborn skin very thin - no sunscreen until 6 months - absorb straight into circ sys - same in meds topical
Children are more likely to put their hands in their mouths, and spend more time outdoors and on the ground, making them more likely to come into contact with dangers in the environment. - good: build up microbiome; bad - always sick, and put everything in mouth - never wash hands
Children may not be able to explain how they are feeling, which can make it harder to identify a medical problem and treat them quickly. - cannot adequately tell you what going on; cannot give descriptions or exact issue or explain in way we understand; communication barrier issue
Children have more contact with others, and they have less developed immune systems to fight off infections. This means they are more likely to catch an illness that can spread from person to person. - high risk for infection; awhile build-up immune sys; daycare - sick less often when go to school because exposed to diff viruses already
Vulnerability
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Childhood injuries
Violence
Bullying
Mental health problems
Childhood health problems - Health concerns
Accidents
Childhood injuries
Stress
Social media
Mental health problems
Infant mortality
Birth weight
Ages 5 to 14 have the lowest death rate
15–19 years
Injuries - predict in certain age group at risk for based on development and age group
Childhood mortality
United States lags behind other nations
African Americans have more neonatal deaths than white; treating pain issue with race
Infant mortality
Major determinant of neonatal death
Full term but below weight - chances survival less; directly related to prenatal care - see with US if growing properly; not growing properly - induce labor so can feed baby
Earliest gestation - 22 weeks
Birth weight
Relatively safe age
Ages 5 to 14 have the lowest death rate
Sharp increase occurs in adolescence
Suicide
They are invincible and nothing happen to them - accidents, drinking and driving, gun use, nothing happen to me since good at this; prefrontal cortex not fully developed and think invincible
15–19 years
Specific groups of children have increased morbidity (illness) - social determinants of health - huge impact on ped pop
Childhood morbidity
Homeless
Living in poverty
Low birth weight
Chronic illness
Foreign born adopted children
Children in day care centers
Specific groups of children have increased morbidity (illness) - social determinants of health - huge impact on ped pop
Healthy People 2030 “Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all.”
Examples:
Healthy people 2030
Increase the proportion of infants who didn’t pass their hearing screening who get evaluated for hearing loss by age 3 months (Improving!) - every newborn has hearing screening; not 100% accurate - lot false negatives; fail test in hospital need follow-up in couple months; impacts speech and ability communicate - need correct quickly; hearing aids/cochlear impants depending on what is - earlier diagnosis better is for info; people missing the follow-up
Decrease the amount of premature births. (Getting worse)
Increase the proportion of high school students who graduate in 4 years (was improving!) - COVID may see decrease
Increase the proportion of children whose parents read to them at least 4 days per week (Getting worse) - HUGE; comfort thing; builds relationships; IMP
Examples:
Therapeutic relationship
Family advocacy and caring
Disease prevention and health promotion
Health teaching
Injury prevention
Support and counseling
Coordination and collaboration
Ethical decision making*
Research
Evidence-based practice
Role of the pediatric nurse
Ped pat - treating whole fam; parents not agreeing/not on board/not understand - noncompliance - meet in middle - see what agree with and what follow and why not agreeing; team with whole fam
Coordination and collaboration
Under 18 - decision made by parents
16 yo want start birth control but parents say no
Comes to: Mental health treatment, med, pregnancy, birth control - emancipated regardless age and parents age
NICU baby - blood transfusion - Jahova’s witness
Know baby die without blood transfusion - Goes before ethics committee and often give blood against parents wishes
Typ parents not get mad but not want make decision - not reject child
Ethical decision making*
An increase in number and size of cells as they divide and synthesize new proteins; results in increased size and weight of whole or any of its parts
Growth:
A gradual change and expansion; advancement from lower to more advanced stage of complexity; increased capacity through growth, maturation, and learning
Development:
An increase in competence and adaptability, usually described as a qualitative change to function at higher level
Maturation:
The processes by which early cells and structures are systematically modified and altered
Differentiation:
