Integumentary Dysfunction Flashcards
staph infection - usually starts from the kid has a runny nose or a chapped lip and there’s a little crack and then staph can get into there then usually forms like a vesicle when it erupts there’s a dry honey color crust
very common especially in that preschool to school age group - constantly having that running nose maybe itching at something
do need antibiotics for this
usually do a topical antibiotic
does heal pretty easily
Not usually any long-term effects
Usually starts with a little crack
running nose
chapped lip
Staph infection of the skin
Begins as a sore (vesicle) and then it ruptures)
Dry, honey colored crust
Antibiotics (topical or oral)
Impetigo
highly transmissible parasitic skin infection it is characterized by Burrows pruritis excretion and secondary infections
skin to skin contact
in our little kids that don’t like to keep their distance
Burrow into the skin they deposit eggs and feces the female parasite - She lays like two to three eggs a day and does it over multiple days so it can you know this can kind of ongoing
so itchy
Treat: thin layer of escapia and to just after a bath the after they’re clean and we’re going to do it over the entire body except for the eyes and will repeat that in a week anyone that was in contact with this person - usually we can control it by a topical medication there is oral treatment
Caused by scabies mite as female burrows into epidermis to deposit eggs and feces (tunnel into the skin)
Notice the tunning, the mite is too small to see
Common in day cares
Unbelievable itching (Pruritus)
Cool baths, compresses
No freezer packs/ice directly on skin
Inflammation occurs 30-60 days later
Topical treatment includes scabicides such as permethrin 5% or lindane
Oral treatment includes ivermectin if body weight >15 kg
Scabies
infestation of the scalp
common in our school age children
the adults they can live for 48 hours without a human host
the female of 30 days
have to educate parents on cleaning everything in the house - going to wash everything in very hot water
these are blood sucking - base of the hair shaft they hatch every 7 to 10 days - special shampoos - we take a metal comb - go through every single section of that hair to make sure we’re removing both the eggs and bugs and we’re going to do this every day
don’t usually go back to school until a week after
transferred from kid to kids - jackets and clothes so educate on that
Infestation of the scalp is common in school-age children
Adult louse lives only 48 hours without human host; female louse has potential life span of 30 days
Female lice lay eggs (nits) at base of hair shaft
Nits hatch in 7-10 days
Treatment includes pediculicides and removal of nits
Prevent spread and recurrence
Return to school at one week after tx started
can see it with the naked eye
Pediculosis capitis (head lice)
diaper rash - pretty common - caused by multiple things: irritation from urine and feces; detergent if the parent is using cloth diapering - if they don’t rinse them and clean them out thoroughly that that can cause irritation - we want to make sure we’re using dye and fragrance free; it can also be a chemical irritation; wipes have some preservatives in them and that can cause irritations
can use warm water instead of using wipes
can also have yeast infections
Baby is sick it can change their pH teething can change the ph
Treatment: try and keep it off or change them as soon as they go; not going to scrub because scrubbing is just going to irritate it more we will Pat it - barrier cream
Pathophysiology
Nursing considerations: alter wetness, pH, and fecal irritants
Response to illness, teething
Change diaper often (diapers are expensive)
Treatment: clean really well, rinse, DRY, apply barrier cream (zinc oxide, desitin)
these can be painful it can cause the kiddos to be pretty grumpy
Diaper dermatitis
Usually caused by irritation from urine and feces (usually acidic)
Detergents inadequately rinsed from clothing
Use a detergent free from dye and fragrance
Chemical irritation (especially from chemicals in diapers and wipe)
Candidiasis of diaper area
Pathophysiology - Diaper dermatitis
acute chronic inflammatory response due to a hypersensitivity reaction to a natural or synthetic chemical substance and this results in a localized Flair
two different types there’s irritant dermatitis which is caused by a Toxic effect of a substance directly on the skin: such as detergents soap baby wipes urine feces
we also have allergic dermatitis and this is a delayed hypersensitive response okay and it occurs with an exposure to it a substance that causes an immunologic response triggered by an allergen to wish the child has become sensitized to
skin issues especially with the itching we have we worry about secondary infections
we can use hydrocortisone if we need
focus on the limiting that itching
can give oatmeal baths
do some cool compresses such as Aquaphor to protect the skin and not have it dry up
Contact dermatitis is a skin reaction from contact with certain substances. The ubstances may be:
Common causes
Contact dermatitis
Irritants. These cause direct skin irritation and inflammation. They are the most common cause of contact dermatitis.
Allergens. These cause the body’s immune system to have an allergic reaction. The body releases defense chemicals that cause skin symptoms. Allergens are a less common cause of contact dermatitis.
Contact dermatitis is a skin reaction from contact with certain substances. The ubstances may be: - Contact dermatitis
, detergents, food, metals, poison ivy, neomycin, latex, cold…
Increased risk if child has atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Common causes - Contact dermatitis
also known as eczema
chronic
superficial skin inflammation
intense itching
considered an immunologic disorder
worry about getting a secondary infection
exact causes unknown but it is highly expected that there is an allergy component
a lot of times there’s a family history of atomic dermatitis as well as allergies and Asthma can be related it can be exacerbated with skin irritants
make sure their nails are short
can get worse with heat sweating dry skin certain clothing like wool treatment we’re going to have some good skin care and we’re going to moisturize a lot with petroleum jelly or Aquaphor we can do topical steroids if it’s bad bad a medicine to help with the itching and we can also do hydrocortisone
Eczema
Chronic
Superficial skin inflammation and intense itching
Allergic component
Hereditary
Exacerbations
Treatment
Decreasing pruritus
Atopic dermatitis
Irritants
Skin infections
Allergens
Exacerbations - Atopic dermatitis
Hydration!
Lotions (barrier, hydrate, steroid)
Treatment - Atopic dermatitis
When we have issues with our skin we are itchy - don’t understand that they shouldn’t itch
have to think of ways that we can prevent that itching: little mittens on their hands and cover them; keep our nails short - prevents that deep itching - remember secondary infections; can also give anti-puroretic medications Benadryl is a good one that we can give hydration; we can put moisturizers; have a humidifier going; use hydrocortisone; give them oatmeal baths; don’t want the water too hot; cool compresses
Most common complaint with skin lesions
Cooling baths or compresses
Prevent scratching
Hydrate the skin
Relieve pruritus
Reduce inflammation
Prevent/control secondary infection
Therapeutic management of pruritus
Mittens/covering for younger children
Short nails
Antipruritic medications
Prevent scratching - Therapeutic management of pruritus
Hydrocortisone
Relieve pruritus - Therapeutic management of pruritus
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Reduce inflammation - Therapeutic management of pruritus
