Ch. 28 Flashcards
Growth and development proceed in regular, related directions or gradients and reflect the physical development and maturation of neuromuscular functions
Cephalocaudal - head to tail - head develops first, large and complex; lower end simple and takes shape later
Proximodistal - neart to far
Bilateral and appear symmetric - each side develops in same direction and same rate as other
Directional trends
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identite vs role confusion
Psychosocial development (Erikson)
Birth to 1 yr
To develop healthy personality is basic trust - dominates first year of life
Depends if needs met
Mistrust - basic needs inconsistently/inadequately met
Trust vs mistrust
1-3 yr
Increasing ability control bodies, self, enviornment
Do things self
Much learning acquiring
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
3-6 yr
Vigorous, intrusive behavior; enterprise; strong imagination
Explore with all senses and powers
Develop conscience
Initiative vs guilt
6-12 yr
Ready to be workers and producers
Engage in tasks and activities can carry through to completion - need and want real achievement
Learn compete and cooperate with others and learn rules
Decisive period in social relationships with others
Industry vs inferiority
12-18 yr
Rapid and marked physical changes
Overly preoccupied in way appear
Identite vs role confusion
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operations
Formal operations
Cognitive development (Piaget)
Birth to 2 yr
Intellectual development: 6 substages
Sense cause and effect
Learn how to imitate behavior
High level curiosity, experimentation, enjoy novelty and begin develop sense self
Get object permanence
Begin use language and representational thought towards end
Sensorimotor
2-7 yr
Egocentrism - inability put oneself in place of another
Interpret objects and events in terms relationships or use to them
Not see other’s POV
Concrete and tangible
Not reason beyond what see
Preoperational
7-11 yr
Thought becomes logical and coherent
Can organize facts
New concept permanence - conservation
No capacity deal in abstraction; solve probs in concrete systematic fashion based on what can perceive
Thinking more socialized
Concrete operations
11-15 yr
Adaptability and flexibility
Think in abstract terms, abstract symbols, draw logical conclusions from set of observation
Formal operations
Children watch what other children doing but make no attempt to enter play activity
Active interest in observing
Onlooker play
Play alone with toys
Enjoy other children but no effort to talk or interact with others
Solitary play
Independently but among children
Sim toys used but use as sees fit
Plays beside but not with each other
Play of toddlers
Parallel play
