Introduction to Dental radiography & radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a radiograph?

A

An image produced by x-rays passing through an object and interacting with the photographic emulsion on a film

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2
Q

When were radiographs first used in dentistry?

A

1896

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3
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

orbiting round a nucleus in different energy shells (K,L,M etc)

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4
Q

What is the forbidden zone in terms of electrons?

A

Can move from shell to shell but cannot exist between shells

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5
Q

Shells contain maximum number of electrons, how much does each shell contain?

A

K = 2
L = 8
M = 18
N = 32
O = 50

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6
Q

What is energy required for in terms of electrons?

A

Energy is required to remove electron from atom and overcome binding energy which keeps it in it’s shell

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7
Q

What does the atomic number consist of?

A

Protons + neutrons

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8
Q

What is a radio-isotope

A

Isotopes with unstable nuclei which undergo radioactive disintegration

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9
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negatively charged atom or molecule if there are more electrons

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10
Q

What is an cation?

A

Positively charged atom or molecule if there are more protons

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11
Q

describe alpha particles?

A
  • 2 protons + 2 neutrons (helium nucleus)
  • large
    • charge
  • slow
  • 1-2 mm in tissue
  • 4-8MeV
  • extensive ionisation
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12
Q

Describe beta particles

A
  • electrons (fast electrons)
  • small
  • negative charge
  • fast
  • 1-2 cm in tissue
  • 100keV-6MeV
  • ionisation
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13
Q

When is ionisation a problem?

A
  • When it occurs in living cells
  • Can cause damage to tissues cataracts for example
  • can cause damage to DNA directly or produce chemicals that do this damage - tumours or cancer
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14
Q

What happens when electricity flows through the coils of the elements?

A
  • Electrons within the wire coils vibrate
  • Current moves through the length of the coils
  • Vibrating electrons produce heat
  • Wire becomes red hot giving off light
  • Radiant heat causes the movement of air molecules
  • Surrounding area becomes hot
  • Heat produced is proportional to current and voltage
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