craniofacial development and disorder Flashcards

1
Q

describe developmental biology

A

study of the processes by which organs grow and develop

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2
Q

what is induction?

A

the process in which an undifferentiated cell is instructed by species organisers to produce a morphogenic effect

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3
Q

what is proliferation?

A

controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts

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4
Q

what is morphogenesis?

A

development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions

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5
Q

what is maturation?

A

attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

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6
Q

describe cytodifferentiation

A

is the development of different cell types

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7
Q

describe histodifferentiation

A

is the development of different histology tissue types within a structure

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8
Q

describe morpho differentiation

A

is the development of the differing morphology, which makes up its structure or shape for each organ or system

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9
Q

describe morphogenesis

A

is the process of development of specific tissue structure or shape

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10
Q

what does instructive mean?

A

the ability of one tissue to determine specific patterns of morphogenesis and differentiation that will develop in an associated tissue

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11
Q

what does permissive (or faciitative) mean?

A

the ability of an interacting tissue provide certain conditions that is necessary for its committed partner tissue to progress to full expression of its pre-determined phenotype

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12
Q

Epithelial mesenchymal interaction

A

Epithelial cells cover the inside and outside of the surfaces of the body, as well as contributing to human life cycle from embryogenesis to adulthood

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13
Q

Mesenchymal stem cells

A

are stromal cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels and lymph. Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that is undifferentiated

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14
Q

Prenatal development

A
  • Preimplantation Period - 1st week
  • Zygote (fertilised egg) develops/differentiate into a Blastocyte (ball of cells) which implants into the uterus
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15
Q

Embryonic period

A
  • 2nd week to end of 8th week
  • Blastocyte develops into a disc of cells, which then folds into a folded embryo
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16
Q

Foetal period

A
  • 3rd month to 9th month
  • Embryo to foetus
17
Q

What does organogenesis include?

A

Secondary inductions - Patterning - right place - Organ rudiment (morphogenesis and proliferation) and Organ specific structures (differentiation)

18
Q

what are the 4 fundamental aspects of developmental biology?

A
  • Proliferation (determines size)
  • Pattern formation - the process by which cells in a developing embryo acquire identities that lead to a well-ordered spatial pattern of cell activities
  • morphogenesis (determines shape)
  • differentiation (determines type and site specific)
19
Q
A