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MICROBIOLOGY > INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Applied microbiology for the study of the pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human illness

A

Medical microbiology

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2
Q

Applied microbiology for the study of microorganisms that are related to the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines and other pharmaceutical
contamination and spoil

A

Pharmaceutical microbiology

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3
Q

Applied microbiology for the exploration of microbes for use in industrial processes

A

Industrial microbiology

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4
Q

Applied microbiology for the manipulation of microorganisms at the genetic and molecular level to generate useful products

A

Microbial Biotechnology

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5
Q

Give 2 examples of Industrial Microbiology

A

Industrial fermentation

Waste-water treatment

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6
Q

Applied microbiology for the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage and food-borne illness. Microorganisms can produce foods, for example by fermentation.

A

Food microbiology

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7
Q

Applied microbiology for the study of agriculturally relevant microorganisms

A

Agricultural microbiology

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8
Q

Give 4 subfields of Agricultural Microbiology

A

Plant microbiology
Soil microbiology
Veterinary microbiology
Environmental microbiology

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9
Q

The study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant pathogens

A

Plant microbiology or plant pathology

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10
Q

The study of those microorganisms that are found in soil

A

Soil microbiology

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11
Q

The study of the role in microbes in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy

A

Veterinary microbiology

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12
Q

The study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments. This involves the characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments (extremophiles)

A

Environmental microbiology

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13
Q

Most useful stain used to visualize bacteria and classify them to 2 groups

A

Gram Staining

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14
Q

Outline the steps of Gram staining

A
  1. Pour on crystal violet stain (a blue dye) and wait
    60 sec
  2. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution and wait 60 sec
  3. Wash off with water and then decolorize with 95%
    alcohol
  4. Counterstain with safranin (a red dye), wait
    30 sec and wash off with water.
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15
Q

What do you call the cell wall or the layer just outside the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan layer

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16
Q

Name 3 molecular components of the peptidoglycan layer

A

Linear polysaccharide
Tretrapeptide
Pentapeptide

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17
Q

Name the penicillin-binding protein enzyme that catalyze the formation of cross-linkages in the peptidoglycan layer

A

Traspeptidase or Glycopeptide transpeptidase

18
Q

Name the important polysaccharide present

in the gram-positive bacterial cell wall that acts as an antigenic determinant

A

Teichoic acid

19
Q

Name the 3 covalently linked components of the LPS

A

O-antigen or the outer carbohydrate chains of 1-50 oligosaccharide units
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A

20
Q

Name the LPS component known as the gram-negative Endotoxin

A

Lipid A

21
Q

Name 3 groups of gram-positive circular bacteria

A

Staphylcocci

Streptococci

22
Q

Name 1 group of gram-negative circular bacteria

A

Neisseria

23
Q

Name 4 groups of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria

A

Bacillus
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria

24
Q

Name 3 groups of gram-negative spirochaetes

A

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira

25
Q

Name 2 groups of gram-positive branching filamentous rods

A

Actinomyces (anaerobic)

Nocardia (partially acid-fast)

26
Q

Bacteria that can use glycolysis, Krebs TCA cycle and ETC with oxygen as final electron acceptor. These bacteria have catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.

A

Obligate aerobes

27
Q

Name all obligate aerobic bacteria and their stain

A

Bacillus cereus (Gram+)
Nocardia (partially Gram+ / partially acid-fast)
Mycobacterium (Acid-fast)
Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Legionella, Brucella (Gram–)

28
Q

Name all facultative anaerobe bacteria and their stain

A

Staphylococcus, Bacillus antracis, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Actinomyces (Gram+)
Most Gram– Rods
Mycoplasma

29
Q

Name all microaerophilic bacteria and their stain

A

Enterococcus, Streptococcus (Gram+)
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira (Spirochete Gram–)
Campylobacter (Gram–)

30
Q

Name all obligate anaerobic bacteria and their stain

A

Clostridium (Gram+)

Bacteroides (Gram–)

31
Q

Name 2 groups of pleomorphic bacteria

A

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

32
Q

Give 2 groups causing pyrogenic toxins

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

33
Q

A-B toxin subunit for binding to target cell receptor

A

B or H subunit

34
Q

A-B toxin subunit for exerting or activating toxic effects

A

A or L subunits

35
Q

Medications for TB for the first 2 months

A

Daily dose of Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), Pyrazinamid (PZA), Ethambutol (EMB)

36
Q

Necessary medications for TB for the first 6 months

A

Daily dose of INH & RIF

37
Q

Second-line agents for MDRTB

A

Aminoglycoside
Fluoroquinolone
Ethionamide
Cycloserine

38
Q

Vaccine for TB to prevent miliary spread

A

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

39
Q

Leprosy that has poor cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and generalized disease

A

Lepromatous

40
Q

Medications for Leprosy

A

Rifampicin
Dapsone
Clofazimine

41
Q

Mycobacterium specie that causes chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and is usually acquired from rivers, poorly maintained swimming pools or fish tanks; characterized by encrusted pustular lesions

A

Mycobacterium marinum

42
Q

Group 2 Mycobacterium specie associated with farming in Africa and Australia usually affecting the lower limb with a papular lesion which ulcerates and may destroy underlying tissue including bone

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

MICROBIOLOGY (28 decks)

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