CHAPTER 2: Innate immunity and normal flora Flashcards
Special enzyme found in tears, saliva, sweat and other bodily fluids that kills gram-positive bacteria
Lysozyme
Bacteria that lowers vaginal pH to prevent colonization by pathogens
Lactobacilli
Toll-like receptors that recognize LPS
TLR-4
Toll-like receptors that recognize unmethylated CpG dinucleotides
TLR-9
Antibiotic substances that are produced by the normal flora to suppress other bacteria
Bacteriocins
Vector for malaria
Anopheles mosquito
Vector for dengue
Aedes aegypti mosquito
Body’s physical barrier that secretes sebum and fatty acids to inhibit bacterial growth
Skin
Mucociliary clearance mechanism that transports any particle that settles on the sticky mucus of the respiratory epithelium to the oropharynx where it is swallowed
Cilial “Conveyor Belt”
Diameter of particle able to reach the alveoli
Less than 5μm
Anti-bacterial compound found in breastmilk, which binds iron and inhibits bacterial growth
Lactoferrin
Leukocyte enzyme that produces superoxide radicals that are toxic to microorganisms
Lactoperoxidase
This action protects the urinary tract by keeping it sterile
Urinary flusing
This is any molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen for an immune response or marking dead cells for recycling
Opsonin
This is a system of plasma protein that collaborate to resist bacterial infection
Complement
Complement system pathway that is activated by antigen-antibody binding
Classical pathway
Complement system pathway that is activated by direct interaction with bacterial cell wall components
Alternative pathway
Attraction of phagocytes in the site of infection
Chemotaxis
Give 5 commensal organisms found in the Nasopharynx
Streptococci, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Candida, Actinomyces
Give 5 commensal organisms found on the Skin
Staphyloccoci, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Propionibacteria, Yeast
Give 3 commensal organisms found in the Upper bowel
Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Candida
Give 4 commensal organisms found in the Lower Bowel
Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Clostridium, Peptostreptococci
Give 6 commensal organisms found in the Vagina
Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Candida, Actinomyces, Mycoplasma hominis
Following ____________, patients have defective macrophage function and diminished ability to remove capsulate organisms from the blood.
Splenectomy
Congenital deficiency of _________ function leads to chronic pyogenic infections, recurrent chest infections and bronchiectasis.
Neutrophil
