CHAPTER 4 and 5: The laboratory investigation of infection and Antibiotic Therapy

Question 1

Ways to optimize diagnostic benefits during laboratory investigation

Answer 1

1. Understand which tissues/specimens the organisms is to be found
2. Take samples carefully
3. Transport samples rapidly to the laboratory in a suitable medium

Question 2

______ staining of blood films and tissues, is used to identify malaria and Leishmania

Answer 2

Giemsa

Question 3

Bacterial incubation temperature

Answer 3

37°C

Question 4

Fungi incubation temperature

Answer 4

30°C

Question 5

Test that aims to determine whether treatment with a given antibiotic will be successful

Answer 5

Susceptibility testing

Question 6

The lowest dose that completely inhibits growth

Answer 6

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 7

Tests that make the diagnosis by amplifying specific regions of the genome from the pathogen

Answer 7

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

Question 8

The difference between the dose necessary for treatment and that which causes harm

Answer 8

Therapeutic index

Question 9

Antibacterial medication that has very low therapeutic index

Answer 9

Aminoglycoside

Question 10

Bases of Antibiotic choice of therapy

Answer 10

1. Infection site
2. Organism
3. Susceptibility pattern
4. Severity of infection
5. History of allergy
6. Likelihood of unwanted effects

Question 11

Purpose of Monitoring Antibiotic Therapy

Answer 11

1. Ensure adequate therapeutic concentration
2. Reduce risk of toxicity
3. Assist in management of intermediately susceptible infection
4. Study of drug pharmacokinetics

Question 12

Most frequent side effect of antibiotic

Answer 12

Mild gastrointestinal upset

Question 13

Life-threatening cutaneous manifestation of antibiotics

Answer 13

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Question 14

Antibiotics that may cause dose-dependent bone marrow suppression

Answer 14

Chloramphenicol and Antifolate antibiotics

Question 15

High doses of β-lactam antibiotics may induce ___________

Answer 15

Granulocytopenia

Question 16

2 antibiotics that may cause renal toxicity

Answer 16

Aminoglycoside

Tetracycline

Question 17

This technique is specific and rapid but less
sensitive that other methods that involve
amplification steps

Answer 17

Southern blotting and nucleic acid hybridization

Question 18

Antibiotics aiming to kill organisms while causing

no harm to the patient is the concept is known as

Answer 18

Selective toxicity

Question 19

Route of administration suitable for skin infections

Answer 19

Topical

Question 20

Route of administration for severe infections such as septicemia

Answer 20

Intravenous