CHAPTER 29: Virus structure, classification and antiviral therapy

Question 1

Give 5 Double-stranded DNA Viruses

Answer 1

Poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Adenoviruses
Papoviruses
Polyomaviruses

Question 2

Give a Single-stranded DNA Virus

Answer 2

Parvoviruses

Question 3

___________ may serve directly as mRNA and be translated into structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Answer 3

RNA sense (positive)

Question 4

___________ contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that transcribes the viral genome into mRNA.

Answer 4

RNA antisense (negative)

Question 5

___________ have single-stranded sense RNA that cannot act as mRNA.

Answer 5

Retroviruses

Question 6

Viral nucleic acid is covered by a protein coat of repeating units called __________

Answer 6

Capsids

Question 7

The spherical capsid symmetry

Answer 7

Icosahedral

Question 8

The capsid arranged around a rotational axis

Answer 8

Helical

Question 9

With some viruses, the genome is completely released from the capsid during or after penetration. This is known as “__________”.

Answer 9

Uncoating

Question 10

Drugs that prevent uncoating and release of RNA though resistance may occur readily.

Answer 10

Amantadine

Rimantidine

Question 11

__________ inhibits uncoating of picornaviruses and is active against enteroviruses and rhinoviruses; it is absorbed orally and clinical trials suggest it shortens clinical symptoms.

Answer 11

Pleconaril

Question 12

__________ is selectively converted into acyclo-guanosine monophosphate (acyclo-GMP) by viral enzymes, then into a potent inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase by host enzymes.

Answer 12

Aciclovir

Question 13

The acyclo-GMP causes viral DNA ________.

Answer 13

Chain termination

Question 14

Resistance to Aciclovir occurs through the development of deficient ___________ production
or alteration in the viral polymerase gene

Answer 14

Thymidine kinase

Question 15

_________ inhibits the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B and HIV.

Answer 15

Lamivudine

Question 16

Give examples of nucleotide and nucleoside inhibitors developed as alternative treatments for hepatitis B

Answer 16

Adefovir
Eentecavir
Tenofovir
Telbivudine 
Clevudine

Question 17

___________ is a guanosine analogue that inhibits several steps in viral replication including capping and elongation of viral mRNA.

Answer 17

Ribavirin

Question 18

Antiviral drug that is active against respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, Lassa fever, hantavirus and other arenaviruses.

Answer 18

Ribavirin

Question 19

The longest established antiretroviral drug that is a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Answer 19

Zidovudine (AZT)

Question 20

Antiviral drugs that inhibit reverse transcriptase directly

Answer 20

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Question 21

A protease inhibitor that act against human rhinovirus 3C protease. It is administered by nasal spray and appears to have useful activity in rhinovirus infection.

Answer 21

Ruprintrivir

Question 22

__________ including zanamivir and oseltamivir inhibit the final stage in the release of virus from the host cell.

Answer 22

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 23

Antiretroviral agents developed to block the insertion of the HIV viral genome into the DNA of the host cell

Answer 23

Integrase inhibitor