CHAPTER 17: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis Flashcards
__________ is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that contain a bacteriophage encoding diphtheria toxin
Diphtheria
Diphtheria causes inflammation and necrosis giving a _________ on the posterior wall of the pharynx
Green–black ‘pseudomembrane’
_________ is a selective medium that uses tellurite to differentially select Corynebacterium diphtheriae from other upper respiratory tract flora
Hoyle’s agar
Tetanus infection occurs in wounds that are deep enough to produce ________ conditions
Anaerobic
Clostridium tetani produces _________, which prevents release of the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), thereby resulting in muscle spasms
Tetanospasmin
Perioral muscle spasm in tetanus infection
Risus sardonicus
Spinal spasm in tetanus infection
Opisthotonus
Tetanus is prevented by childhood immunization and boosters are given at school entry and every ____
10–15 years
______ and ______ are organisms that can cause whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella parapertussis
_______ is thought to decrease infectivity and shorten symptoms if given early during the catarrhal phase of pertussis
Erythromycin
An _______ vaccine is given as part of childhood vaccination scheme for pertussis
Acellular
Other name of Corynebacterium diphtheria
Klebs-Loffler bacillus
Effect of Diphteria toxin in myocardium and peripheral nervous system
Myocarditis
Neuropathy and paralysis
Route of transmission of diphtheria
Respiratory
Direct contact with cutaneous lesions
Medical management for diphteria
Antitoxin
Erythromycin
Type of vaccine for Diphtheria
Toxoid
Neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Tetanospasmin
What neurotransmitter is inhibited by tetanospasmin thus resulting to muscle spasms?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Treatment for tetanus infection
Muscle relaxants
Human tetanus hyperimmune immunoglobulin
Antibiotics
TRUE or FALSE:
Infants are protected by passive immunity if their mothers are vaccinated for Clostridium tetani
TRUE
Which whooping cough pathogen does not produce pertussis toxin?
Bordetella parapertussis
Toxins produced by Bordetella perstussis
Pertussis toxin
Adenyl [adenylate] cyclase
Tracheal cytotoxin
Complications of B. pertussis toxins
Secondary respiratory tract infections
Apnea following coughing spasms
Raised Intracranial pressure
3 Phases/stages of whooping cough
Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent
Duration of Catarrhal stage of pertussis
1-2 weeks
Duration of Paroxysmal stage of pertussis
1-6 weeks
Duration of Convalescent stage of pertussis
Weeks to months
