CHAPTER 3: Pathogenecity and pathogenesis of Infectious disease

Question 1

By definition, this is an organism capable of causing disease

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

By definition, this is an organism that is part of the normal flora

Answer 2

Commensal

Question 3

The ability to cause disease

Answer 3

Pathogenicity

Question 4

The ability to cause severe disease

Answer 4

Virulence

Question 5

Type of pathogen that always associated with disease

Answer 5

Obligate pathogen

Question 6

Neisseria gonorrhea adheres to the genital mucosa with the use of ________.

Answer 6

Fimbrae

Question 7

Influenza virus attaches by its ___________.

Answer 7

Haemagglutinin antigen

Question 8

Bacterial _________ aid colonization of indwelling prosthetic devices

Answer 8

Biofilms

Question 9

Vibrio cholerae excretes _________ to help it reach the enterocyte.

Answer 9

Mucinase

Question 10

Respiratory bacteria secrete an _________ that degrades the host immunoglobulin

Answer 10

IgA protease

Question 11

Staphylococcus aureus expresses __________, which binds to host immunoglobulin, preventing opsonization and complement activation

Answer 11

Protein A

Question 12

These toxins stimulate macrophages to produce cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF that cause fever and shock

Answer 12

Endotoxins

Question 13

Cholera toxin A subunit activates _________, which results in sodium and chloride efflux from the cell, thus causing diarrhea

Answer 13

Adenyl cyclase

Question 14

Type of pathogen that usually cause infection when the host defenses are compromised

Answer 14

Opportunistic pathogen

Question 15

Type of pathogen that may cause disease if certain conditions are met

Answer 15

Conditional pathogen

Question 16

Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Answer 16

Access to vulnerable host - Transmission
Attachment to host
Invasion
Motility
Immune Evasion

Question 17

______ of gram negative organisms makes them resistant to the effect of complement

Answer 17

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 18

These are toxins that can cause local or distant damage, and they are usually proteins and may have a sub-unit structure.

Answer 18

Exotoxins

Question 19

_________ predicts pathogenicity

Answer 19

Identification

Question 20

____________ strain should respond to a larger dose

Answer 20

Moderately resistant

Question 21

____________ organism is likely to fail therapy with the given antibiotic

Answer 21

Resistant