CHAPTER 14 & 15: Streptococcus

Question 1

Route of transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 1

Aerosol

Direct contact

Question 2

Virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes that decreases leukocyte phagocytosis

Answer 2

M protein antigen

Question 3

Streptococcus pyogenes toxin that is associated with scarlet fever

Answer 3

Erythrogenic toxin

Question 4

Streptococcus pyogenes toxins that causes toxic shock

Answer 4

Pyrogenic Exotoxins A, B, C

Question 5

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes which degrades IL-8 and other cytokines, thereby retarding neutrophil activation

Answer 5

S. pyogenes Cell Envelope Proteinase (SpyCEP)

Question 6

Give 3 degrading enzymes of S. pyogenes

Answer 6

Immunoglobulin Protease
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase

Question 7

Haemolysis of S. pyogenes

Answer 7

β-hemolysis

Question 8

The most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

Answer 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

______, also known as St. Anthony’s fire, is a bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis that
characteristically extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is a tender, intensely erythematous, indurated plaque with a SHARPLY DEMARCATED BORDER. Its well-defined margin can help differentiate it from other skin infections

Answer 9

Erysipelas

Question 10

Give 3 post-infectious immune-mediated diseases of S. pyogenes

Answer 10

Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Erythema nodosum

Question 11

S. pyogenes infected or colonized patients are side-room isolated until ___ hours of initiation of effective antibiotics

Answer 11

48

Question 12

Treatment of choice for S. pyogenes infection

Answer 12

Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)

Question 13

Oral therapy for less severe S. pyogenes infections

Answer 13

Amoxicillin

Question 14

Treatment of S. pyogenes infection of patients with allergies

Answer 14

Macrolides

Question 15

Main pathogenicity determinant of S. agalactiae

Answer 15

Polysaccharide antiphagocytic capsule

Question 16

Hemolysis of S. agalactiae

Answer 16

β-hemolysis

Question 17

Empirical therapy for Neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis

Answer 17

Penicillin + Aminoglycoside

Question 18

Bacterial organism that possess a group D carbohydrate cell wall antigen and can exhibit all three types of haemolysis

Answer 18

Enterococcus spp

Question 19

2 most common Enterococci pathogens

Answer 19

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecium

Question 20

Alternative peptidoglycan transpeptidation enzymes acquired by Enterococci causing resistance to Glycopeptides

Answer 20

vanA and vanC system

Question 21

Neonatal diseases of S. agalactiae

Answer 21

Neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis

Question 22

Treatment for Enterococci infections

Answer 22

Ampicillin/amoxicillin

Question 23

Treatment for Glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci

Answer 23

Linezolid, Daptomycin, Pristinamycin

Question 24

Protease of S. pneumoniae

Answer 24

IgA2 protease

Question 25

Cytotoxin of S. pneumoniae that stimulates immune responses

Answer 25

Pneumolysin

Question 26

Tissue damaging enzymes of S. pneumoniae

Answer 26

Neuraminidase

Hyaluronidase

Question 27

Most common infections of S. pneumoniae

Answer 27

Acute otitis media
Sinusitis
Acute pneumonia

Question 28

The commonest cause of meningitis in adults over 40 and the second commonest cause in children

Answer 28

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 29

Treatment of choice for S. pneumoniae respiratory infections

Answer 29

Penicillin

Question 30

Treatment for S. pneumonia meningitis

Answer 30

Third generation cephalosporin

Question 31

Give 4 α-haemolytic streptococci cause of community-acquired native-valve endocarditis

Answer 31

S. oralis
S. sanguis
S. mutans
S. salivaris

Question 32

The α-haemolytic streptococci causing bacteraemia and endocarditis that is also associated with bowel malignacy

Answer 32

S. bovis

Question 33

Streptococci specie that colonize mouth and gut and is responsible for metastatic infections or abscesses

Answer 33

S. milleri

Question 34

__________ is a slow-growing Gram-positive coccus that produces lactic acid and has been associated with chronic otitis media with effusion in children

Answer 34

Alloiococcus otitidis

Question 35

Streptococcal specie similar to S. pneumoniae but having no capsule, associated with isolation in COPD patients

Answer 35

S. pseudopneumoniae