CHAPTER 14 & 15: Streptococcus Flashcards
Route of transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes
Aerosol
Direct contact
Virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes that decreases leukocyte phagocytosis
M protein antigen
Streptococcus pyogenes toxin that is associated with scarlet fever
Erythrogenic toxin
Streptococcus pyogenes toxins that causes toxic shock
Pyrogenic Exotoxins A, B, C
Virulence factor of S. pyogenes which degrades IL-8 and other cytokines, thereby retarding neutrophil activation
S. pyogenes Cell Envelope Proteinase (SpyCEP)
Give 3 degrading enzymes of S. pyogenes
Immunoglobulin Protease
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Haemolysis of S. pyogenes
β-hemolysis
The most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes
______, also known as St. Anthony’s fire, is a bacterial skin infection involving the upper dermis that
characteristically extends into the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is a tender, intensely erythematous, indurated plaque with a SHARPLY DEMARCATED BORDER. Its well-defined margin can help differentiate it from other skin infections
Erysipelas
Give 3 post-infectious immune-mediated diseases of S. pyogenes
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Erythema nodosum
S. pyogenes infected or colonized patients are side-room isolated until ___ hours of initiation of effective antibiotics
48
Treatment of choice for S. pyogenes infection
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Oral therapy for less severe S. pyogenes infections
Amoxicillin
Treatment of S. pyogenes infection of patients with allergies
Macrolides
Main pathogenicity determinant of S. agalactiae
Polysaccharide antiphagocytic capsule
Hemolysis of S. agalactiae
β-hemolysis
Empirical therapy for Neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis
Penicillin + Aminoglycoside
Bacterial organism that possess a group D carbohydrate cell wall antigen and can exhibit all three types of haemolysis
Enterococcus spp
2 most common Enterococci pathogens
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Alternative peptidoglycan transpeptidation enzymes acquired by Enterococci causing resistance to Glycopeptides
vanA and vanC system
Neonatal diseases of S. agalactiae
Neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis
Treatment for Enterococci infections
Ampicillin/amoxicillin
Treatment for Glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci
Linezolid, Daptomycin, Pristinamycin
Protease of S. pneumoniae
IgA2 protease
Cytotoxin of S. pneumoniae that stimulates immune responses
Pneumolysin
Tissue damaging enzymes of S. pneumoniae
Neuraminidase
Hyaluronidase
Most common infections of S. pneumoniae
Acute otitis media
Sinusitis
Acute pneumonia
The commonest cause of meningitis in adults over 40 and the second commonest cause in children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Treatment of choice for S. pneumoniae respiratory infections
Penicillin
Treatment for S. pneumonia meningitis
Third generation cephalosporin
Give 4 α-haemolytic streptococci cause of community-acquired native-valve endocarditis
S. oralis
S. sanguis
S. mutans
S. salivaris
The α-haemolytic streptococci causing bacteraemia and endocarditis that is also associated with bowel malignacy
S. bovis
Streptococci specie that colonize mouth and gut and is responsible for metastatic infections or abscesses
S. milleri
__________ is a slow-growing Gram-positive coccus that produces lactic acid and has been associated with chronic otitis media with effusion in children
Alloiococcus otitidis
Streptococcal specie similar to S. pneumoniae but having no capsule, associated with isolation in COPD patients
S. pseudopneumoniae
