CHAPTER 18: Pathogenic Mycobacteria Flashcards
Groups of Pathogenic Mycobacterial species
1 Obligate Pathogens 2 Skin Pathogens 3 Opportunistic Pathogens 4 Non- or rarely Pathogenic 5 Animal Pathogens
Group 1 Mycobacteria
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. leprae
Group 2 Mycobacteria
M. marinum
M. ulcerans
Group 3 Mycobacteria
M. avium-intracellulare
M. kansasi
M. xenopi
M. malmoense
Group 4 Mycobacteria
M. gordonae
M. smegmatis
Group 5 Mycobacteria
M. paratuberculosis
M. lepraemurium
Th cytokine response of Lepromatous Leprosy
Th2
Th cytokine response of Tuberculoid Leprosy
Th1
This is the spread of tuberculosis from primary focus throughout the body
Miliary spread
Virulence determinant of TB that stimulates cytokines
Lipoarabinomannan
Virulence determinant of TB that promotes intramacrophage survival
Superoxide dismutase
Renal affectation of TB is complicated by which conditions
Ureteral fibrosis
Hydronephrosis
Common bony site of TB infection
Lumbosacral spine
Direct staining methods for TB
Ziehl-Neelsen method
Auramine
Lipid-rich (egg-containing) medium with malachite green used to suppress other organisms in TB culture
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
Medications for TB for the first 2 months
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampicin (RIF)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Ethambutol (EMB)
2 necessary medications for the first 6 months of TB treatment
Isoniazid and Rifampicin
Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of _______, followed by a continuation phase of either ___ or ___ months (total of _______ for treatment).
Intensive = 2 months Continuation = 4 / 7 Total = 6 to 9 months
Second-line agents for treatment of MDRTB
Aminoglycoside
Fluoroquinolone
Ethionamide
Cycloserine
Vaccination for TB to prevent miliary spread
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
Type of leprosy where there is poor cell-mediated immunity and generalized disease
Lepromatous
Medications for Leprosy to render patient non-infectious
Rifampicin
Dapsone
Clofazimine
Mycobacterial specie that causes a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and is acquired from rivers, poorly maintained swimming pools or fish tanks
Mycobacterium marinum
Group 2 Mycobacterium associated with farming in Africa and Australia affecting the lower limb with a papular lesion, which ulcerates and may destroy underlying tissue including bone
Mycobacterium ulcerans
