CHAPTER 18: Pathogenic Mycobacteria

Question 1

Groups of Pathogenic Mycobacterial species

Answer 1

1 Obligate Pathogens
2 Skin Pathogens
3 Opportunistic Pathogens
4 Non- or rarely Pathogenic
5 Animal Pathogens

Question 2

Group 1 Mycobacteria

Answer 2

M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. leprae

Question 3

Group 2 Mycobacteria

Answer 3

M. marinum

M. ulcerans

Question 4

Group 3 Mycobacteria

Answer 4

M. avium-intracellulare
M. kansasi
M. xenopi
M. malmoense

Question 5

Group 4 Mycobacteria

Answer 5

M. gordonae

M. smegmatis

Question 6

Group 5 Mycobacteria

Answer 6

M. paratuberculosis

M. lepraemurium

Question 7

Th cytokine response of Lepromatous Leprosy

Answer 7

Th2

Question 8

Th cytokine response of Tuberculoid Leprosy

Answer 8

Th1

Question 9

This is the spread of tuberculosis from primary focus throughout the body

Answer 9

Miliary spread

Question 10

Virulence determinant of TB that stimulates cytokines

Answer 10

Lipoarabinomannan

Question 11

Virulence determinant of TB that promotes intramacrophage survival

Answer 11

Superoxide dismutase

Question 12

Renal affectation of TB is complicated by which conditions

Answer 12

Ureteral fibrosis

Hydronephrosis

Question 13

Common bony site of TB infection

Answer 13

Lumbosacral spine

Question 14

Direct staining methods for TB

Answer 14

Ziehl-Neelsen method

Auramine

Question 15

Lipid-rich (egg-containing) medium with malachite green used to suppress other organisms in TB culture

Answer 15

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Question 16

Medications for TB for the first 2 months

Answer 16

Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampicin (RIF)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Ethambutol (EMB)

Question 17

2 necessary medications for the first 6 months of TB treatment

Answer 17

Isoniazid and Rifampicin

Question 18

Regimens for treating TB disease have an intensive phase of _______, followed by a continuation phase of either ___ or ___ months (total of _______ for treatment).

Answer 18

Intensive = 2 months
Continuation = 4 / 7
Total = 6 to 9 months

Question 19

Second-line agents for treatment of MDRTB

Answer 19

Aminoglycoside
Fluoroquinolone
Ethionamide
Cycloserine

Question 20

Vaccination for TB to prevent miliary spread

Answer 20

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

Question 21

Type of leprosy where there is poor cell-mediated immunity and generalized disease

Answer 21

Lepromatous

Question 22

Medications for Leprosy to render patient non-infectious

Answer 22

Rifampicin
Dapsone
Clofazimine

Question 23

Mycobacterial specie that causes a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and is acquired from rivers, poorly maintained swimming pools or fish tanks

Answer 23

Mycobacterium marinum

Question 24

Group 2 Mycobacterium associated with farming in Africa and Australia affecting the lower limb with a papular lesion, which ulcerates and may destroy underlying tissue including bone

Answer 24

Mycobacterium ulcerans