CHAPTER 1: Structure and classification of bacteria Flashcards
These are rigid part of the bacteria that protect the organism from differences in osmotic tension between the cell and the environment.
Cell wall
A polysaccharide bacterial component layer that protects the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation
Capsule
Bacterial component that are surface antigens that strongly stimulate inflammation and protect Gram-negative bacteria from complement-mediated lysis
Lipopolysaccharide
Specialized thin projections that aid adhesion of bacteria to host cells
Fimbriae or Pili
Bacterial components that allow organisms to find sources of nutrition and penetrate host mucus
Flagella
This is a polysaccharide material secreted by some bacteria that protects the organism against immune attack and eradication by antibiotics when it is growing in a biofilm in a patient with bronchiectasis or on an inserted medical device
Slime
These are metabolically inert bacterial forms adapted for long term survival in the environment, which are able to regrow under suitable conditions.
Spores
Enzyme that negative supercoils DNA of bacteria
DNA gyrase
Catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci
Staphylococci
Catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci
Streptococci
Gram-positive sporing aerobic bacilli
Bacillus
Gram-positive sporing anearobic bacilli
Clostridium
Gram-positive non-sporing bacilli
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Give 2 gram-negative bacilli that are saprophytic
Pseudomonas
Burkholderia
Spiral bacteria that colonize the lining of the colon, leading to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer
Helicobacter
Spiral zoonotic agents that cause an acute meningitis syndrome that may be accompanied by renal failure and hepatitis
Leptospira
Bacterial causative of syphilis
Treponema
Obligate intracellular organism determined as the agent of typhus
Rickettsia
Spiral bacteria that causes Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
2 disease manifestations of Enterotoxin
Infectious diarrhea
Food poisoning
These are exotoxins that act on the nerves or
motor end plates to cause paralysis
Neurotoxin
Exotoxins that stimulate the release of cytokines and can cause rash, fever and toxic shock syndrome
Pyrogenic exotoxins
Exotoxins that allow bacteria to destroy and tunnel through tissues
Tissue invasive exotoxins
Give examples of accessory DNA of bacteria
Plasmids
Transposons
Integrons
Bacteriophages
Give the factors that help in classifying bacteria
Gram reaction Cell shape Endospore Fastidiousness Key enzymes Serological reactions DNA sequence
