CHAPTER 1: Structure and classification of bacteria

Question 1

These are rigid part of the bacteria that protect the organism from differences in osmotic tension between the cell and the environment.

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

A polysaccharide bacterial component layer that protects the cell from phagocytosis and desiccation

Answer 2

Capsule

Question 3

Bacterial component that are surface antigens that strongly stimulate inflammation and protect Gram-negative bacteria from complement-mediated lysis

Answer 3

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 4

Specialized thin projections that aid adhesion of bacteria to host cells

Answer 4

Fimbriae or Pili

Question 5

Bacterial components that allow organisms to find sources of nutrition and penetrate host mucus

Answer 5

Flagella

Question 6

This is a polysaccharide material secreted by some bacteria that protects the organism against immune attack and eradication by antibiotics when it is growing in a biofilm in a patient with bronchiectasis or on an inserted medical device

Answer 6

Slime

Question 7

These are metabolically inert bacterial forms adapted for long term survival in the environment, which are able to regrow under suitable conditions.

Answer 7

Spores

Question 8

Enzyme that negative supercoils DNA of bacteria

Answer 8

DNA gyrase

Question 9

Catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci

Answer 9

Staphylococci

Question 10

Catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci

Answer 10

Streptococci

Question 11

Gram-positive sporing aerobic bacilli

Answer 11

Bacillus

Question 12

Gram-positive sporing anearobic bacilli

Answer 12

Clostridium

Question 13

Gram-positive non-sporing bacilli

Answer 13

Corynebacterium

Listeria

Question 14

Give 2 gram-negative bacilli that are saprophytic

Answer 14

Pseudomonas

Burkholderia

Question 15

Spiral bacteria that colonize the lining of the colon, leading to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer

Answer 15

Helicobacter

Question 16

Spiral zoonotic agents that cause an acute meningitis syndrome that may be accompanied by renal failure and hepatitis

Answer 16

Leptospira

Question 17

Bacterial causative of syphilis

Answer 17

Treponema

Question 18

Obligate intracellular organism determined as the agent of typhus

Answer 18

Rickettsia

Question 19

Spiral bacteria that causes Lyme disease

Answer 19

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 20

2 disease manifestations of Enterotoxin

Answer 20

Infectious diarrhea

Food poisoning

Question 21

These are exotoxins that act on the nerves or

motor end plates to cause paralysis

Answer 21

Neurotoxin

Question 22

Exotoxins that stimulate the release of cytokines and can cause rash, fever and toxic shock syndrome

Answer 22

Pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 23

Exotoxins that allow bacteria to destroy and tunnel through tissues

Answer 23

Tissue invasive exotoxins

Question 24

Give examples of accessory DNA of bacteria

Answer 24

Plasmids
Transposons
Integrons
Bacteriophages

Question 25

Give the factors that help in classifying bacteria

Answer 25

Gram reaction
Cell shape
Endospore
Fastidiousness
Key enzymes
Serological reactions
DNA sequence