CHAPTER 6: Antibiotic in Clinical Use

Question 1

Medications that work by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkages of bacteria

Answer 1

Penicillin β-lactam antibiotics

Question 2

Give 2 examples of natural penicillins

Answer 2

benzylpenicillin aka penicillin G

penicillin V

Question 3

Give an example of penicillinase-resistant penicillin

Answer 3

flucloxacillin

Question 4

Give an example of aminopenicillin (broad spectrum)

Answer 4

ampicillin-like agents
amoxicillin (low gut concentration = good for normal flora)
ampicillin (high gut concentration = fights gut pathogens but increase chance of diarrhea)

Question 5

Give an example of expanded-spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal)

Answer 5

piperacillin

ticarcillin

Question 6

Penicillin combined with β-lactamase inhibitor

Answer 6

Co-amoxiclav = amoxicillin + clavulanate

Question 7

Drugs that act by preventing translation of mRNA into

proteins in the 30S subunit

Answer 7

Aminoglycoside

Question 8

Name 2 glycopeptides

Answer 8

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

Question 9

Excretion of glycopeptide is via the _______

Answer 9

Kidney

Question 10

Drugs that inhibit DNA gyrase of bacteria

Answer 10

Quinolones

Question 11

Aminoglycoside is toxic to which cranial nerve

Answer 11

8th or Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 12

Vancomycin is used orally to treat ______

Answer 12

pseudomembranous colitis

Question 13

_____ is a new agent with a long half life, is very active against gram positive organisms demonstrating more rapid killing in vitro.

Answer 13

Daptomycin

Question 14

_____ modification of quinolones has made them active against gram negative pathogens including chlamydia

Answer 14

Fluorine

Question 15

Give 2 antibiotics that are toxic for the liver causing hepatitis

Answer 15

Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Tetracyclines
Erythromycin
Pyrazinamide
Ethionamide

Question 16

__________ may follow tetracycline or high dose fusidic acid therapy.

Answer 16

Cholestatic jaundice

Question 17

Antibiotics that bind to 50s ribosome, interfering with protein synthesis

Answer 17

Macrolides and Oxazolidinones

Question 18

Pristinamycin is a bacterial semisynthetic streptogramin consisting of:

Answer 18

Quinupristin and Dalfopristin

Question 19

It acts by preventing peptide bond formation which results in release of incomplete polypeptide chains from the donor site

Answer 19

Pristinamycin

Question 20

______ used mainly for the treatment of resistant gram positive infections.

Answer 20

Streptogramins (Pristinamycin)

Question 21

Antibiotic that is active against anaerobic organisms where it receives electrons under anaerobic conditions, forming toxic metabolites that damage the bacterial DNA

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

Inhibit protein synthesis by locking tRNA to the septal

site of mRNA

Answer 22

Tetracycline

Question 23

Act by inhibiting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate

Answer 23

Sulphonamides and Trimethoprim