Intro to Fungi

Question 1

Fungi gets __ from breaking down __ chemo-organotrophic eukaryote
Lacks _____ and forms ____

Answer 1

1. energy
2. chemicals
3. chlorophyll
4. spores

Cell wall - polysaccharides, chitin or cellulose
Membrane - ergosterol(major sterol)

Question 2

Classification is based on

Answer 2

morphology

major types as moulds, yeasts or mushrooms

Question 3

Fungi that favour a unicellular habit

Answer 3

yeast

Question 4

Fungi are a significant cause of

Answer 4

non-fatal diseases

Question 5

Epidermophyton causes

Answer 5

athlete’s foot

Question 6

Thrush is caused by

Answer 6

Candida spp.

Question 7

pityriasis versicolor is caused by …….. They can form …..

Answer 7

Malassezia spp. (yeast)

hyphae

Question 8

Microsporum causes

Answer 8

athlete’s foot

Question 9

Trichophyton causes

Answer 9

athlete’s foot (mould)

Question 10

Dermatophytes are _____ which can cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails due to their ability to utilize _____ . They also have the ability to form …..

Answer 10

moulds
keratin
hyphae

ringworm inf
tinea …..

Question 11

Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton are _____ and cause

Answer 11

Dermatophytosis
athlete foots (mould)

Question 12

______species infect deep organs of patients with immune dysfunction, e.g. after abdominal surgery, burns, etc. (cases often in ICU)

Answer 12

Candida (yeast)

Question 13

______ spp. infect deep organs of patients undergoing e.g. chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation

Answer 13

Aspergillus (mould)

Question 14

_____ contributes to pathogenicity of fungal inf

Answer 14

Host factors

environment, broad spect anti-biotic, immune suppression (disease , iatrogenesis or both)

Question 15

Which candida sp. have hyphae? What colour colony do they form in chrom agar?

Answer 15

C. albicans (mainly oral)

Green

Question 16

Candida in vagina is caused by …… and shows up …… in selective chrom agar

Answer 16

Tropicalis

Blue

Question 17

Candida in skin is caused by …… and shows up …… in selective chrom agar

Answer 17

C. glabrata

pink

Question 18

Candida in nails is caused by …… and shows up …… in selective chrom agar

Answer 18

C.Krusei

white

Question 19

Candida reside in GI as a commensal flora and most infection are ……..

Answer 19

endogenous

Question 20

Candida infection are mostly superficial (nails, skin etc.) and some are disseminated - these types are called……

Answer 20

Deep seated - occurs in immuno-compromised

Question 21

Spore formation occurs in …

Answer 21

molds

Question 22

Chronic mucocutaneous candida inf occurs in ……. and the disease is called ………..

Answer 22

endocrine and immune dys patients

APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy

Question 23

Aspergillus (mould) is present in environment and inhalation of ……. can cause disease. It is …. as it can penetrate the blood vessel walls

Answer 23

conidia

angioinvasive

Question 24

Asp fumigatus causes

Answer 24

simple asthma

Question 25

Asp flavus causes

Answer 25

asthma with eosinophilia

Question 26

Invasive pulmonary aspergillus could cause …….. malignancy

Answer 26

haematological

Question 27

Cryptococcus (yeast) falls under….. group

Answer 27

Basidiomycetes

Question 28

Cryptococcus neoformans causes ……… cryptococcosis

Answer 28

pulmonary

Question 29

Cryptococcus gattii cause

Answer 29

meningitis - esp in patients with AIDS

Question 30

………….. stain is used for direct smear e.g. vaginal

Answer 30

PAS (periodic acid schiff)

Question 31

Common diagnostic is histopath and high-resolution ……

Answer 31

CT scan

e.g. Dermatophytes in skin scales (KOH prep)

Question 32

Echinocandins

Answer 32

bind to ergosterols in cell wall

Question 33

Polyenes

Answer 33

target membrane

Question 34

Azoles

Answer 34

inhibit ergosterols syn

Question 35

Allylamines

Answer 35

inhibit ergosterols syn