Drug delivery system

Question 1

3 factors affecting dosage regime/delivery sys we use

Answer 1

drug dose

frequency and timing of administration

Question 2

Oral Medication are commonly used and absorption is via …

Answer 2

GI tract

Question 3

Absorption is via the GI tract for these routes of administration

Answer 3

Buccal Sublingual
Oral
Rectal

Question 4

Solutions and Suspensions: Absorption depends on …….. and is most rapid from the …….

Answer 4

1. Gastric emptying

2. small intestine

Question 5

Dispersions of coarse drug particles in a liquid phase

Answer 5

suspensions

dose can be containe din small vol
good for drugs which are insoluble unpalatable - better tolerated

Question 6

Hydrogel polymer release sys given in high dose are intact slowly releasing the effect.

Answer 6

Modified controlled release tablets

Question 7

most commonly used formulation

Answer 7

tabs and capsules

Question 8

…… or tablet break down is the ……… in absorption

Answer 8

1. Dissolution

2. rate limiting step

Question 9

……… delays disintegration of the tablet until it reaches the small intestine

Answer 9

Enteric coating

Question 10

Tablets are enteric coated to:

Answer 10

Protect the drug from stomach acid (Omeprazole)

Protect the stomach from the drug (Aspirin)

Question 11

Maintains drug level within therapeutic range and reduce the need for frequent dosing
rate of abs reduced
high dose but released slowly over a period of time
Always use the SAME brand name for this!!!!!

Answer 11

Prolonged or delayed release formulations

Question 12

Oral Preparations ◦Verapamil◦Diltiazem◦Isosorbide mononitrate◦Lithium◦CarbamazepineProblems with possible toxicityParenteral Preparations◦Intramuscular injections of flupenthixol or risperidoneSurgical Implants◦Progesterone contraception◦Testosterone

Answer 12

.Prolonged or delayed release formulations

Question 13

synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated after administration

Answer 13

Prodrug

The advantages of using prodrugs are◦prolongation of duration of action◦avoidance of degradation of the drug in the gut

Question 14

For drugs which have extensive pre-systemic or first pass metabolism
- small and dissolve slowly upon administration

Answer 14

Buccal and sublingual administration

Most common example is GTN

Question 15

Drugs may be administered ……
◦to treat…….conditions such as proctitis ◦to achieve …… absorption (indomethacin)
Bypass pre-systemic metabolism

Answer 15

rectally
local
systemic

Administered as a suppository

Question 16

…. administration when a drug has a short half-life, quick action and careful control of [plasma] required

Answer 16

IV

Question 17

Drug - insoluble or oil formulation.Allows a more sustained duration of action up to months .Depot Injections contraceptive, neuroleptics

Answer 17

Intramuscular injection

Question 18

A common route of administration

Easy to use and bypasses need for venous access

Used for insulin, heparin and narcotic analgesics

Answer 18

Subcutaneous Injection

Question 19

Transdermal drug delivery sys

Answer 19

Percutaneous

Question 20

Creams, ointments and skin patches

Answer 20

percutaneous
(transdermal)

drugs admin to skin - local effect (steroids) or systemic effect (HRT or nitroglycerin)

Question 21

Release of a drug from a reservoir into the skin and then into the systemic circulation

controlled, sustained blood levels of the administered drug such as nicotine, nitroglycerin, opiates, HRT, contraception

Answer 21

Skin patches

Question 22

Deliver drugs directly to the lung for local effect or to achieve a systemic effect I.e anaesthetics

Answer 22

Inhalation

Advantages◦Drug delivered directly to site of action◦Rapid effect◦Small doses used◦Little systemic absorption◦Reduced adverse effects`Disadvantages◦Patient education is essentia

Question 23

It is a sub-cutaneous needleless injection used for mass inoculation

Answer 23

Dermojet (insulin injector/pin-prick blood check)

Question 24

Drug as a solid pellet is implanted under the skin to provide uniform systemic effect .Eg:testosterone

Answer 24

Pellet implantation

Question 25

Used for motion sickness

Answer 25

Transderm-SCOP (Scoplamine)

Question 26

Hydrogel transdermal patch:

Answer 26

Used in treatment of burns

Question 27

Pharmaceutical carriers (Carrier based drug delivery sys)

Answer 27

Micelles
Liquid crystals
nanocapsules
nanopheres
vesicles
multifunctional dendritic polymers

Question 28

mAbs act directly when binding to a cancer specific antigen and induce immunological response to cancer cells
mAbs have been modified for delivery of a toxin, cytokine or other active drug

Answer 28

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 29

Pre-clinical and clinical liposomal packed drugs exhibit reduced toxicities with enhanced efficiency
Due to altered pharmacokinetics-drug accumulation at disease sites and reduced distribution to sensitive tissue-target delivery of drugs

Answer 29

Liposomal Drug delivery

Liposomes are self-assembling closed colloidal structures composed of lipid bilayers and have a spherical shape in which an outer lipid bilayer surrounds a central aqueous space. Synthesised from cholesterol

Question 30

Using nanotechnology the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective & reduce the chances of possible side-effects
More specific drug targeting & delivery
Reduction in toxicity while maintaining therapeutic efficiency
Nanocarriers- Nanoparticles,Nanotubule,Nanoshell

Answer 30

Nanoparticle based drug delivery

Question 31

Used in treatment of Bronchial asthma

ADR: Foreign body granuloma and intestitial fibrosis

Answer 31

Carbon Nanotubules

Question 32

Cancer chemotherapy

-free radical generation

Answer 32

Gold Nanoparticles

Question 33

Nanoerythrosomes are resealed erythrocytes that can carry
proteins ,enzymes & macromolecules.
They are used in the treatment of liver tumour, parasitic disease
& enzyme disease

Answer 33

Nanoerythrosomes

Question 34

-highly branched globular

Biodegradable synthetic molecule

Answer 34

Dendrimer

Question 35

They deliver radioactivity to tumour.Eg:C-60 against CA colon
Transfer of radiation is within the ball hence minimise strong radiation to healthy tissue.

Answer 35

Modified Buckyball