Intro to Circulatory System of Upper Extremity

Question 1

Definition: arteries

Answer 1

Blood moves away from the heart

Question 2

Arteries branch to form

Answer 2

arterioles

Question 3

Arterioles size:

Answer 3

less than 0.5mm diameter

Question 4

Arterioles disperse O2 and nutrients into:

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

Diffusion takes place in

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

Waste products picked up by

Answer 6

venules

Question 7

Venules joint to form larger vessels:

Answer 7

veins

Question 8

Explain the layers of an artery

Answer 8

1. Tunica Intima (Interna)
   - inner layer (squamous epithelium)
   - inner wall form the hole (lumen)
   - attached by connective tissue to the middle layer
2. Tunica Media
   - thick intermediate layer (smooth muscle + elastic tissue)
3. Tunica externa (Adventitia)
   - Outermost fibrous layer
   - can contain smooth muscle
   - similar to serous layer except it’s anchored to surrounding structures

Question 9

Arteries are flexible due to

Answer 9

flexibility of Tunica media

Question 10

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

When arteries harden with age
- inc. BP with dec. distention

Question 11

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 11

lumen narrowing due to deposition of fat on walls

Question 12

Risks of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

Answer 12

Heart attack or stroke

Question 13

What is anastomosis

Answer 13

• connecting arteries (e.g. PHC and AHC)
• small adjacent arteries form to accommodate blood flow
• collateral circulation

Question 14

What is the circle of willis an example of?

Answer 14

Anastomosis

Question 15

What is the most important part of the circulatory system?

Answer 15

Capillary Bed!! (no smooth muscles on walls!)

Question 16

Describe capillaries

Answer 16

• 1mm long x 8-10 microns diameter
• simple squamous epithelium
• penetrate almost every tissue of body
• btwn arterioles and venules
• essential exchange of materials to maintain consistency of internal environment

Question 17

What are venae commitantes?

Answer 17

2 or more veins to accompany each artery

Question 18

Describe veins

Answer 18

• same 3 coats (tunics) as arteries
• tunica media is much thinner
• limited layer of smooth muscle
• have valves, aid blood flow to heart
• valves made from folds in tunica intima (interna)

Question 19

What is varicose veins from?

Answer 19

• leaky valves in veins

Question 20

Describe the aorta a.

Answer 20

1. Ascending Aorta
2. Aortic arch (3 branches)
   - right brachiocephalic trunk a.
   - subclavian a. (r/l)
   -common carotid a. (r/l)
3. Descending aorta

Question 21

Where does the common carotid a. go?

Answer 21

enters the head and neck region

Question 22

Where are the vertebral a.?

Answer 22

branch from subclavian a. and enter head/neck

Question 23

When subclavian a. exits from under the 1st rib it changes name to:

Answer 23

axillary a.

Question 24

Axillary a. becomes

Answer 24

Brachial a.

Question 25

Between axillary a. and brachial a. :

Answer 25

Ant. and Post. humeral circumflex a. around the humeral surgical neck

Question 26

Briachial a. splits below elbow into

Answer 26

radial a. and ulnar a.

Question 27

Radial a. and ulnar a. become

Answer 27

superficial and deep palmar arches

Question 28

Arches branch into

Answer 28

digital aa.

Question 29

What are tributaries and where are they often found?

Answer 29

Found in the hand, many join to form larger veins

Question 30

What are 2 main large veins in the hand, forearm, and arm

Answer 30

1. cephalic v 2. basilic v.

Question 31

In the elbow (cubital) region, the cephalic and basilic v. are connected by the

Answer 31

median cubital v.

Question 32

cephalic v. travels into axillary v. through the

Answer 32

deltopectoral groove

Question 33

Deep veins in the arm form the

Answer 33

brachial v.

Question 34

Brachial and basilic v. join to form

Answer 34

axillary v.

Question 35

axillary a. and v. are together in the

Answer 35

axillary sheath

Question 36

External Jugular v. enters the

Answer 36

subclavian v.

Question 37

Internal Jugular v. joins the subclavian v. to form the

Answer 37

brachiocephalic v.

Question 38

At the heart, the r/l brachiocephalic v. join to form the

Answer 38

superior vena cava