Intro to Circulatory System of Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: arteries

A

Blood moves away from the heart

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2
Q

Arteries branch to form

A

arterioles

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3
Q

Arterioles size:

A

less than 0.5mm diameter

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4
Q

Arterioles disperse O2 and nutrients into:

A

capillaries

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5
Q

Diffusion takes place in

A

capillaries

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6
Q

Waste products picked up by

A

venules

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7
Q

Venules joint to form larger vessels:

A

veins

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8
Q

Explain the layers of an artery

A
  1. Tunica Intima (Interna)
    - inner layer (squamous epithelium)
    - inner wall form the hole (lumen)
    - attached by connective tissue to the middle layer
  2. Tunica Media
    - thick intermediate layer (smooth muscle + elastic tissue)
  3. Tunica externa (Adventitia)
    - Outermost fibrous layer
    - can contain smooth muscle
    - similar to serous layer except it’s anchored to surrounding structures
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9
Q

Arteries are flexible due to

A

flexibility of Tunica media

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10
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

When arteries harden with age
- inc. BP with dec. distention

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11
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

lumen narrowing due to deposition of fat on walls

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12
Q

Risks of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

A

Heart attack or stroke

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13
Q

What is anastomosis

A
  • connecting arteries (e.g. PHC and AHC)
  • small adjacent arteries form to accommodate blood flow
  • collateral circulation
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14
Q

What is the circle of willis an example of?

A

Anastomosis

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15
Q

What is the most important part of the circulatory system?

A

Capillary Bed!! (no smooth muscles on walls!)

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16
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • 1mm long x 8-10 microns diameter
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • penetrate almost every tissue of body
  • btwn arterioles and venules
  • essential exchange of materials to maintain consistency of internal environment
17
Q

What are venae commitantes?

A

2 or more veins to accompany each artery

18
Q

Describe veins

A
  • same 3 coats (tunics) as arteries
  • tunica media is much thinner
  • limited layer of smooth muscle
  • have valves, aid blood flow to heart
  • valves made from folds in tunica intima (interna)
19
Q

What is varicose veins from?

A
  • leaky valves in veins
20
Q

Describe the aorta a.

A
  1. Ascending Aorta
  2. Aortic arch (3 branches)
    - right brachiocephalic trunk a.
    - subclavian a. (r/l)
    -common carotid a. (r/l)
  3. Descending aorta
21
Q

Where does the common carotid a. go?

A

enters the head and neck region

22
Q

Where are the vertebral a.?

A

branch from subclavian a. and enter head/neck

23
Q

When subclavian a. exits from under the 1st rib it changes name to:

A

axillary a.

24
Q

Axillary a. becomes

A

Brachial a.

25
Q

Between axillary a. and brachial a. :

A

Ant. and Post. humeral circumflex a. around the humeral surgical neck

26
Q

Briachial a. splits below elbow into

A

radial a. and ulnar a.

27
Q

Radial a. and ulnar a. become

A

superficial and deep palmar arches

28
Q

Arches branch into

A

digital aa.

29
Q

What are tributaries and where are they often found?

A

Found in the hand, many join to form larger veins

30
Q

What are 2 main large veins in the hand, forearm, and arm

A
  1. cephalic v
  2. basilic v.
31
Q

In the elbow (cubital) region, the cephalic and basilic v. are connected by the

A

median cubital v.

32
Q

cephalic v. travels into axillary v. through the

A

deltopectoral groove

33
Q

Deep veins in the arm form the

A

brachial v.

34
Q

Brachial and basilic v. join to form

A

axillary v.

35
Q

axillary a. and v. are together in the

A

axillary sheath

36
Q

External Jugular v. enters the

A

subclavian v.

37
Q

Internal Jugular v. joins the subclavian v. to form the

A

brachiocephalic v.

38
Q

At the heart, the r/l brachiocephalic v. join to form the

A

superior vena cava