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EXCI 253 (anatomy) > Bones + joints of lower extremity > Flashcards

Bones + joints of lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the acetabulum made of?

A

Bodies of innominate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

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1
Q

What are the latin versions of the following:
Hip
Thigh
Knee
Calf
Ankle
Foot
Heel
Sole
Large Toe

A

Coxa
Femur
Genu
Sura
Talus
Pes
Calx
Planta
Hallux

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2
Q

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Sup/ing gluteal vessels + n.
  • Sciatic n.
  • Post. femoral cutaneous n.
  • pudendal n.
  • nerve to obturator internus
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
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3
Q

What passes through the lesser sciatic notch?

A
  • Obturator internus
  • internal pudendal vessels
  • pudendal n.
  • nerve to obturator internus
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4
Q

What is the joint type of the hip jnt?

A

Diarthrosis synovial ball-and-socket (triaxial)

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5
Q

What is the point of attachment of the jnt capsule of the hip jnt?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip jnt?

A
  • Iliofemoral lig
  • Ischiofemoral lig
  • pubofemoral lif
  • ligamentum capitis femoris
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7
Q

Angle of inclination: coxa valga

A
  • accompanied by genu vara
  • bowlegged
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8
Q

Angle of inclination: coxa vara

A
  • accompanied by genu valga
  • knocked knees
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9
Q

Femoral anteversion

A

Inward rotation

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10
Q

Femoral retroversion

A

Outward rotation

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11
Q

What is the joint type of the knee jnt?

A

Diarthrosis synovial hinge

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12
Q

What are the extracapsular ligs of the knee jnt? (just list them)

A
  • Medial collateral lig
  • lateral collateral lig
  • oblique popliteal lig
  • patella lig
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13
Q

Explain the MCL of the knee jnt

A
  • long/flat lig
  • attached to medial meniscus and goes lower than tibial tuberosity
  • medial stability of knee w/ SGT
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14
Q

Explain the LCL of the knee jnt

A
  • round/short
  • bursa btwn it (deep) and popliteus m.
    -stabilizes lat. knee w/ tendon of biceps femoris, tendon of popliteus, IT
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15
Q

What are the 2 intracapsular ligs of the knee?

A

1) Anterior cruciate lig (ACL)
2) Posterior cruciate lig (PCL)

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16
Q

Describe the location and role of the ACL

A
  • Posteriorly/superiorly to lat. femoral condyle
  • Prevents internal tibial rot. and ant. glide of tibia on femur
  • limits hyperextension
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17
Q

Describe the location and role of the PCL

A
  • Anteriorly/superiorly to med. femoral condyle
  • Prevents excessive tibial rot. and post. glide of tibia
  • important for walking down stairs or on steep incline
18
Q

What’s another term for Menisci?

A

Semilunar Cartilages

19
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A
  • deepen condylar surfaces
  • cushions, shock absorbers
  • facilitate lubrication
20
Q

What type of cartilage are menisci?

A

Fibrocartilage (avascular)

21
Q

What are the horns of menisci attached to?

A

intercondylar eminence

22
Q

What are the shapes of the medial and lateral menisci?

A

Medial: c-shaped
Lateral: round (more closed)

23
Q

What is the jnt capsule of the knee strengthened by?

A
  • oblique popliteal lig
  • arcuate popliteal lig
  • med/lat patellar retinaculum
24
Q

What does the arcuate popliteal lig pass over?

A

popliteus m.

25
Q

What does med/lat patellar retinaculum protect against?

A

Varus and Valgus of the knee

26
Q

What are the 3 bursae of the knee?

A

1) Prepatellar
2) Suprapatellar
3) Infrapatellar

27
Q

What is the talocrural jnt of the ankle?

A
  • Hinge
  • Talus/Tibia/Fibula
  • True ankle jnt
  • Dorsi (20deg) / plantar (50deg)
  • abduction (16deg)
28
Q

What is the talocalcaneal (subtalar) jnt of the ankle?

A
  • Gliding
  • talus/calcaneus
  • inversion/eversion
    -supination: 45-60deg
    -pronation: 15-30deg
29
Q

What are the lateral ankle ligaments?

A
  • anterior talofibular (ATF)
  • posterior talofibular (PTF)
  • calcaneofibular (CF)
30
Q

What are the deltoid/medial ankle ligaments?

A
  • ant/post tibiotalar lig
    -tibiocalcaneal lig
    -tibionavicular lig
31
Q

What are the transverse (mid)tarsal jtns?

A
  • calcaneocuboid jnt
  • talonavicular jnt
32
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

A

1) Medial longitudinal arch
2) Lateral longitudinal arch
3) Transverse arch

33
Q

Which arch creates a footprint?

A

lateral longitudinal

34
Q

What is the medial longitudinal arch comprised of?

A

Calcaneous, talus, navicular, 1-3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 2-4

35
Q

What is the lateral longitudinal arch comprised of?

A

calcaneous, cuboid, 5th metatarsal

36
Q

What is the transverse arch comprised of?

A

cuboid, 1-3 cuneiforms

37
Q

What are 2 things at the bottom of the foot?

A
  1. Plantar Fascia
  2. Plantar Calcaneonavicular lig (spring lig)
38
Q

What is the upper pelvic aperture (inlet)?

A
  • on plane of terminal lines (arcuate lines + pectineal lines)
  • from sacral promontory
  • to symphysis pubis
39
Q

What is the lower pelvic aperture (outlet)?

A
  • diamond shaped
  • from arcuate pubic lig
  • to tip of coccyx (posteriorly)
  • lateral bound by ischial tuberosities
40
Q

What is the greater “false” pelvis?

A
  • above upper pelvic aperture
  • to iliac crests
  • lower abdominal viscera
41
Q

What is the lesser “true” pelvis?

A
  • most pelvic organs
  • below upper pelvic aperture
42
Q

What is the difference of pubic arch btwn males and females?

A

Females: greater than 90deg
Males: less than 90deg

EXCI 253 (anatomy) (18 decks)

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