Bones + joints of lower extremity Flashcards
What is the acetabulum made of?
Bodies of innominate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis
What are the latin versions of the following:
Hip
Thigh
Knee
Calf
Ankle
Foot
Heel
Sole
Large Toe
Coxa
Femur
Genu
Sura
Talus
Pes
Calx
Planta
Hallux
What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?
- Piriformis
- Sup/ing gluteal vessels + n.
- Sciatic n.
- Post. femoral cutaneous n.
- pudendal n.
- nerve to obturator internus
- nerve to quadratus femoris
What passes through the lesser sciatic notch?
- Obturator internus
- internal pudendal vessels
- pudendal n.
- nerve to obturator internus
What is the joint type of the hip jnt?
Diarthrosis synovial ball-and-socket (triaxial)
What is the point of attachment of the jnt capsule of the hip jnt?
Intertrochanteric line
What are the ligaments of the hip jnt?
- Iliofemoral lig
- Ischiofemoral lig
- pubofemoral lif
- ligamentum capitis femoris
Angle of inclination: coxa valga
- accompanied by genu vara
- bowlegged
Angle of inclination: coxa vara
- accompanied by genu valga
- knocked knees
Femoral anteversion
Inward rotation
Femoral retroversion
Outward rotation
What is the joint type of the knee jnt?
Diarthrosis synovial hinge
What are the extracapsular ligs of the knee jnt? (just list them)
- Medial collateral lig
- lateral collateral lig
- oblique popliteal lig
- patella lig
Explain the MCL of the knee jnt
- long/flat lig
- attached to medial meniscus and goes lower than tibial tuberosity
- medial stability of knee w/ SGT
Explain the LCL of the knee jnt
- round/short
- bursa btwn it (deep) and popliteus m.
-stabilizes lat. knee w/ tendon of biceps femoris, tendon of popliteus, IT
What are the 2 intracapsular ligs of the knee?
1) Anterior cruciate lig (ACL)
2) Posterior cruciate lig (PCL)
Describe the location and role of the ACL
- Posteriorly/superiorly to lat. femoral condyle
- Prevents internal tibial rot. and ant. glide of tibia on femur
- limits hyperextension
Describe the location and role of the PCL
- Anteriorly/superiorly to med. femoral condyle
- Prevents excessive tibial rot. and post. glide of tibia
- important for walking down stairs or on steep incline
What’s another term for Menisci?
Semilunar Cartilages
What are the functions of the menisci?
- deepen condylar surfaces
- cushions, shock absorbers
- facilitate lubrication
What type of cartilage are menisci?
Fibrocartilage (avascular)
What are the horns of menisci attached to?
intercondylar eminence
What are the shapes of the medial and lateral menisci?
Medial: c-shaped
Lateral: round (more closed)
What is the jnt capsule of the knee strengthened by?
- oblique popliteal lig
- arcuate popliteal lig
- med/lat patellar retinaculum
What does the arcuate popliteal lig pass over?
popliteus m.
What does med/lat patellar retinaculum protect against?
Varus and Valgus of the knee
What are the 3 bursae of the knee?
1) Prepatellar
2) Suprapatellar
3) Infrapatellar
What is the talocrural jnt of the ankle?
- Hinge
- Talus/Tibia/Fibula
- True ankle jnt
- Dorsi (20deg) / plantar (50deg)
- abduction (16deg)
What is the talocalcaneal (subtalar) jnt of the ankle?
- Gliding
- talus/calcaneus
- inversion/eversion
-supination: 45-60deg
-pronation: 15-30deg
What are the lateral ankle ligaments?
- anterior talofibular (ATF)
- posterior talofibular (PTF)
- calcaneofibular (CF)
What are the deltoid/medial ankle ligaments?
- ant/post tibiotalar lig
-tibiocalcaneal lig
-tibionavicular lig
What are the transverse (mid)tarsal jtns?
- calcaneocuboid jnt
- talonavicular jnt
What are the 3 arches of the foot?
1) Medial longitudinal arch
2) Lateral longitudinal arch
3) Transverse arch
Which arch creates a footprint?
lateral longitudinal
What is the medial longitudinal arch comprised of?
Calcaneous, talus, navicular, 1-3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 2-4
What is the lateral longitudinal arch comprised of?
calcaneous, cuboid, 5th metatarsal
What is the transverse arch comprised of?
cuboid, 1-3 cuneiforms
What are 2 things at the bottom of the foot?
- Plantar Fascia
- Plantar Calcaneonavicular lig (spring lig)
What is the upper pelvic aperture (inlet)?
- on plane of terminal lines (arcuate lines + pectineal lines)
- from sacral promontory
- to symphysis pubis
What is the lower pelvic aperture (outlet)?
- diamond shaped
- from arcuate pubic lig
- to tip of coccyx (posteriorly)
- lateral bound by ischial tuberosities
What is the greater “false” pelvis?
- above upper pelvic aperture
- to iliac crests
- lower abdominal viscera
What is the lesser “true” pelvis?
- most pelvic organs
- below upper pelvic aperture
What is the difference of pubic arch btwn males and females?
Females: greater than 90deg
Males: less than 90deg
