Bones + joints of lower extremity

Question 1

What is the acetabulum made of?

Answer 1

Bodies of innominate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 1

What are the latin versions of the following:
Hip
Thigh
Knee
Calf
Ankle
Foot
Heel
Sole
Large Toe

Answer 1

Coxa
Femur
Genu
Sura
Talus
Pes
Calx
Planta
Hallux

Question 2

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

Answer 2

• Piriformis
• Sup/ing gluteal vessels + n.
• Sciatic n.
• Post. femoral cutaneous n.
• pudendal n.
• nerve to obturator internus
• nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 3

What passes through the lesser sciatic notch?

Answer 3

• Obturator internus
• internal pudendal vessels
• pudendal n.
• nerve to obturator internus

Question 4

What is the joint type of the hip jnt?

Answer 4

Diarthrosis synovial ball-and-socket (triaxial)

Question 5

What is the point of attachment of the jnt capsule of the hip jnt?

Answer 5

Intertrochanteric line

Question 6

What are the ligaments of the hip jnt?

Answer 6

• Iliofemoral lig
• Ischiofemoral lig
• pubofemoral lif
• ligamentum capitis femoris

Question 7

Angle of inclination: coxa valga

Answer 7

• accompanied by genu vara
• bowlegged

Question 8

Angle of inclination: coxa vara

Answer 8

• accompanied by genu valga
• knocked knees

Question 9

Femoral anteversion

Answer 9

Inward rotation

Question 10

Femoral retroversion

Answer 10

Outward rotation

Question 11

What is the joint type of the knee jnt?

Answer 11

Diarthrosis synovial hinge

Question 12

What are the extracapsular ligs of the knee jnt? (just list them)

Answer 12

• Medial collateral lig
• lateral collateral lig
• oblique popliteal lig
• patella lig

Question 13

Explain the MCL of the knee jnt

Answer 13

• long/flat lig
• attached to medial meniscus and goes lower than tibial tuberosity
• medial stability of knee w/ SGT

Question 14

Explain the LCL of the knee jnt

Answer 14

• round/short
• bursa btwn it (deep) and popliteus m.
  -stabilizes lat. knee w/ tendon of biceps femoris, tendon of popliteus, IT

Question 15

What are the 2 intracapsular ligs of the knee?

Answer 15

1) Anterior cruciate lig (ACL)
2) Posterior cruciate lig (PCL)

Question 16

Describe the location and role of the ACL

Answer 16

• Posteriorly/superiorly to lat. femoral condyle
• Prevents internal tibial rot. and ant. glide of tibia on femur
• limits hyperextension

Question 17

Describe the location and role of the PCL

Answer 17

• Anteriorly/superiorly to med. femoral condyle
• Prevents excessive tibial rot. and post. glide of tibia
• important for walking down stairs or on steep incline

Question 18

What’s another term for Menisci?

Answer 18

Semilunar Cartilages

Question 19

What are the functions of the menisci?

Answer 19

• deepen condylar surfaces
• cushions, shock absorbers
• facilitate lubrication

Question 20

What type of cartilage are menisci?

Answer 20

Fibrocartilage (avascular)

Question 21

What are the horns of menisci attached to?

Answer 21

intercondylar eminence

Question 22

What are the shapes of the medial and lateral menisci?

Answer 22

Medial: c-shaped
Lateral: round (more closed)

Question 23

What is the jnt capsule of the knee strengthened by?

Answer 23

• oblique popliteal lig
• arcuate popliteal lig
• med/lat patellar retinaculum

Question 24

What does the arcuate popliteal lig pass over?

Answer 24

popliteus m.

Question 25

What does med/lat patellar retinaculum protect against?

Answer 25

Varus and Valgus of the knee

Question 26

What are the 3 bursae of the knee?

Answer 26

1) Prepatellar 2) Suprapatellar 3) Infrapatellar

Question 27

What is the talocrural jnt of the ankle?

Answer 27

- Hinge - Talus/Tibia/Fibula - True ankle jnt - Dorsi (20deg) / plantar (50deg) - abduction (16deg)

Question 28

What is the talocalcaneal (subtalar) jnt of the ankle?

Answer 28

- Gliding - talus/calcaneus - inversion/eversion -supination: 45-60deg -pronation: 15-30deg

Question 29

What are the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 29

- anterior talofibular (ATF) - posterior talofibular (PTF) - calcaneofibular (CF)

Question 30

What are the deltoid/medial ankle ligaments?

Answer 30

- ant/post tibiotalar lig -tibiocalcaneal lig -tibionavicular lig

Question 31

What are the transverse (mid)tarsal jtns?

Answer 31

- calcaneocuboid jnt - talonavicular jnt

Question 32

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

Answer 32

1) Medial longitudinal arch 2) Lateral longitudinal arch 3) Transverse arch

Question 33

Which arch creates a footprint?

Answer 33

lateral longitudinal

Question 34

What is the medial longitudinal arch comprised of?

Answer 34

Calcaneous, talus, navicular, 1-3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 2-4

Question 35

What is the lateral longitudinal arch comprised of?

Answer 35

calcaneous, cuboid, 5th metatarsal

Question 36

What is the transverse arch comprised of?

Answer 36

cuboid, 1-3 cuneiforms

Question 37

What are 2 things at the bottom of the foot?

Answer 37

1. Plantar Fascia 2. Plantar Calcaneonavicular lig (spring lig)

Question 38

What is the upper pelvic aperture (inlet)?

Answer 38

- on plane of terminal lines (arcuate lines + pectineal lines) - from sacral promontory - to symphysis pubis

Question 39

What is the lower pelvic aperture (outlet)?

Answer 39

- diamond shaped - from arcuate pubic lig - to tip of coccyx (posteriorly) - lateral bound by ischial tuberosities

Question 40

What is the greater "false" pelvis?

Answer 40

- above upper pelvic aperture - to iliac crests - lower abdominal viscera

Question 41

What is the lesser "true" pelvis?

Answer 41

- most pelvic organs - below upper pelvic aperture

Question 42

What is the difference of pubic arch btwn males and females?

Answer 42

Females: greater than 90deg Males: less than 90deg