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EXCI 253 (anatomy) > Intro Directional Terms (lecture 1) > Flashcards

Intro Directional Terms (lecture 1) Flashcards

1
Q

definition: Gross Anatomy

A

That which can be seen with the naked eye

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2
Q

definition: Histology

A

(microscopic anatomy)
The study of microscopic tissue structures

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3
Q

definition: Embryology

A

(developmental anatomy)
The science which deals w the origin and development of an individual organism

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4
Q

definition/use: Surface Anatomy

A

Used in clinical/rehabilitation setting, enables the individual to recognize deep anatomical structures from a superficial setting

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5
Q

definition: Anatomy

A

Study of structures of the body and their relationships

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6
Q

definition: Physiology

A

Study of function of the body (at cellular level)

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7
Q

definition: Kinesiology

A

(applied anatomy or biomechanics)
Study of muscles and body in motion

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8
Q

2 different approaches to Gross Anatomy

A

Systemic and Regional (relationships between regions/systems is important)

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9
Q

definition: Appendicular Skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities (limbs), pelvis

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10
Q

definition: Axial Skeleton

A

head, thorax, vertebral column

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11
Q

Levels of Organization

A
  1. Chemical (atoms/molecules)
  2. Cellular (macromolecules)
  3. Tissue (Group of similar cells working together)
  4. Organ (heart, lungs, etc.)
  5. System (cardiovascular system, skeletal system, etc.)
  6. Organism (body as a whole)
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12
Q

What needs to be maintained throughout the levels of organization?

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

Name the Body Systems

A
  • Skeletal
  • Muscular
  • Circulatory (Cardiovascular + Lymphatic)
  • Endocrine
  • Digestive
  • Respiratory
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive (Urogenital)
  • Nervous (central + peripheral)
  • Integumentary
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14
Q

Name the Body Cavities

A

Dorsal Cavity:
1. Cranial (Brain and meninges)
2. Vertebral (Spinal cord, Spinal roots)

Ventral Cavity:
3. Thoracic
4. Abdominal
5. Pelvic

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15
Q

What is the Viscera and which body cavities is it located in?

A

It is all the soft organs of the body.
Contained in Ventral Cavity: Thoracic, Abdominal, and Pelvic.

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16
Q

What is the Anatomical Position? Why is it important?

A

Standing upright, looking fwd, feet approx shoulder width apart, palms facing fwd
Important: directional terms are in relation to the anatomical position

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17
Q

Name and describe the planes of the body

A
  • Median Plane (Mid-sagittal):
    Divides the body into right/left halves
    Sagittal and Parasagittal are parallel to the mid-sagittal (not equally divided)
  • Frontal Plane (Coronal):
    Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
  • Transverse Plane (Horizontal):
    Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
  • Oblique Plane:
    Divides the cross section at an angle (not a common view)
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17
Q

def: Cranial (relative postion)

A

(cephalic)
Nearest/towards the head

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18
Q

def: Caudal (relative position)

A

away from the head (towards tail end)

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19
Q

def: Medial (relative position)

A

towards mid-sagittal plane

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20
Q

def: Lateral (relative position)

A

away from mid-sagittal plane

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21
Q

def: Superficial (relative position)

A

position relative to body surface (towards the surface)

22
Q

def: Deep (relative position)

A

position relative to body surface (away from surface)

23
Q

def: Intermediate (relative position)

A

btwn 2 structures

24
Q

def: External (relative position)

A

in relevance to the body wall, cavities, or hollow organs

25
Q

def: Internal (relative position)

A

in relevance to the body wall, cavities, or hollow organs

26
Q

def: Flexion (movements + ROM)

A

Where angle of joint decreases

27
Q

def: Extension (movements + ROM)

A

where angle at joint increases, and return to anatomical position

28
Q

def: Hyperextension (movements + ROM)

A

where extension continues beyond anatomical position

29
Q

def: Lateral Flexion (movements + ROM)

A

Lateral bending or side bending

30
Q

def: Abduction (movements + ROM)

A

Movement away from midline of body

31
Q

def: Adduction (movements + ROM)

A

Movement towards midline of body

32
Q

def: Rotation (movements + ROM)

A

Mvmt around the longitudinal axis of a bone

33
Q

def: Circumduction (movements + ROM)

A

Using a common fulcrum (apex) for all mvmt as in circumscribing a cone

34
Q

def: Medial Rotation (movements + ROM)

A

The anterior aspect of the extremity turned inward along its longitudinal axis

35
Q

def: Lateral Rotation (movements + ROM)

A

The anterior aspect of the extremity turned outward along its longitudinal axis

36
Q

def: Upward Rotation (movements + ROM)

A

referring to scapula when the inferior angle moves laterally and up

37
Q

def: Downward Rotation (movements + ROM)

A

referring to scapula when the inferior angle moves medially and down

38
Q

def: Depression (movements + ROM)

A

Lowering a body part

39
Q

def: Elevation (movements + ROM)

A

Raising a body part

40
Q

def: Horizontal Abduction (extension) (movements + ROM)

A

moving from midline of body on the horizontal plane

41
Q

def: Horizontal Adduction (flexion) (movements + ROM)

A

moving towards midline of body on the horizontal plane

42
Q

def: Retraction (movements + ROM)

A

The movement of a part backward

43
Q

def: Protraction (movements + ROM)

A

The mvmt of a part fwd

44
Q

def: Inversion (movements + ROM)

A

Rotation of sole of foot inward

45
Q

def: Eversion (movements + ROM)

A

Rotation of sole of foot outward

46
Q

def: Dorsiflexion (movements + ROM)

A

Flexing of ankle to raise the toes upwards

47
Q

def: Plantarflexion (movements + ROM)

A

Flexing of ankle to point the toes

48
Q

def: Pronation (movements + ROM)

A

Medial rotation of forearm on longitudinal axis

49
Q

def: Supination (movements +ROM)

A

Lateral rotation of forearm on longitudinal axis

50
Q

def: Pronation of foot (movements + ROM)

A

ankle eversion, dorsi-flexion, and forefoot abduction

51
Q

def: Supination of foot (movements + ROM)

A

ankle inversion, plantar-flexion, and forefoot adduction

52
Q

def: Prone (movements + ROM)

A

lying horizontal in a face-down position

53
Q

def: Supine (movements + ROM)

A

lying horizontal on the back facing up

EXCI 253 (anatomy) (18 decks)

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