Intro to Carbohydrates Flashcards
Emily
1
Q
Monosaccharide structure
A
- 3-6 C atoms
- Carbonyl group & hydroxyl group
2
Q
Fischer projection
A
Most oxidised group at top (carbonyl)
3
Q
L & D notations
A
Side of OH on chiral furthest from carbonyl:
- Left = L
- Right = D
4
Q
Naturally occurring carbohydrate isomer
A
D isomer
5
Q
Aldoses
A
1 aldehyde group w hydroxyls
6
Q
Ketoses
A
1 ketone group w hydroxyls
7
Q
D-glucose
A
Aldohexose
8
Q
Epimers
- what
- example
A
- Differ at chiral centre (not one which determines L or D)
- D-glucose vs D-galactose (C4 = difference)
9
Q
Cylic structures
- when occur
- RHS goes…
A
- 5/6 C, often in solution
- RHS goes BELOW
10
Q
Anomers
- what
- example
A
- cyclic monosaccharides differing around C1/2
- glucose –> alpha vs beta
11
Q
Starch
- function
- 2 types
A
- Plant energy storage
- Amylose, amylopectin
12
Q
Amylose vs amylopectin
A
- Unbranched, only a-1-4
vs - Branched, a-1,4 & a-1,6
13
Q
Cellulose
A
b-1,4 linkages
Glucose = in inverted orientation (e.g. C6 = above, then below)
14
Q
Cellulose in mammals
A
Passes through as ‘roughage’
15
Q
Glycogen
- what
- function
- structure
- storage
A
- Most common polysaccharide in animals
- Storage form of glucose
- Branched –> glycosidic links a-1,4 and a-1,6
- In liver & muscles