Cells 1, 2 & Cell Histology Flashcards
Emily
1
Q
Apoptosis
A
Normal programmed cell death
2
Q
Necrosis
A
Cell death occurring due to disease/infection
3
Q
Communication between cells x4
A
- Endocrine (hormones)
- Paracrine (more local signalling)
- Neuronal (neurotransmitters)
- Contact dependent (signalling, receptors)
4
Q
Plant & animal cells - size
A
10-100 micrometres
5
Q
Bacteria cells - size
A
1-10 micrometres
6
Q
Fundamental properties of cells x4
A
- Act as independent units
- Come from pre-existing cells
- Finite lifetime
- Can change/adapt/respond
7
Q
Euchromatin vs Heterochromatin
A
Euchromatin = active genetic material, site of transcription Heterochromatin = inactive genetic material, denser
8
Q
Synthesis in free ribosomes
A
- Proteins then go either to other organelles, or function in cytoplasm
9
Q
Synthesis in rER
- How occurs
- What happens in rER
A
- A signal sequence on mRNA signals ribosomes to tether to ER
- Proteins released straight into rER
- Proteins are folded
10
Q
Secretion pathway
A
rER –> Golgi apparatus –> cell surface
11
Q
Parts of Golgi
A
- CIS –> reception site
- MEDIAL
- TRANS –> vesicles are released
12
Q
Folding of proteins
A
- In rER
- If not correctly folded, disposed of
13
Q
Phagocytosis
A
Endocytosis of larger particles
14
Q
Pinocytosis
A
Endocytosis of molecules (non-specific)
15
Q
Receptor mediated endocytosis
A
Specific form of pinocytosis
16
Q
Uptake pathway
A
Cell surface –> endosomes –> lysosomes
17
Q
Uptake pathway (pH)
A
- Cell surface –> neutral
- Endosomes –> mildly acidic
Lysosome –> acidic