Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 1 flashcards > Cells 1, 2 & Cell Histology > Flashcards

Cells 1, 2 & Cell Histology Flashcards

Emily

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Normal programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death occurring due to disease/infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Communication between cells x4

A
  • Endocrine (hormones)
  • Paracrine (more local signalling)
  • Neuronal (neurotransmitters)
  • Contact dependent (signalling, receptors)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plant & animal cells - size

A

10-100 micrometres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteria cells - size

A

1-10 micrometres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fundamental properties of cells x4

A
  • Act as independent units
  • Come from pre-existing cells
  • Finite lifetime
  • Can change/adapt/respond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Euchromatin vs Heterochromatin

A 
Euchromatin = active genetic material, site of transcription
Heterochromatin = inactive genetic material, denser
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synthesis in free ribosomes

A
  • Proteins then go either to other organelles, or function in cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synthesis in rER

  • How occurs
  • What happens in rER
A
  • A signal sequence on mRNA signals ribosomes to tether to ER
  • Proteins released straight into rER
  • Proteins are folded
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secretion pathway

A

rER –> Golgi apparatus –> cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parts of Golgi

A
  • CIS –> reception site
  • MEDIAL
  • TRANS –> vesicles are released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Folding of proteins

A
  • In rER

- If not correctly folded, disposed of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Endocytosis of larger particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Endocytosis of molecules (non-specific)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Specific form of pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uptake pathway

A

Cell surface –> endosomes –> lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Uptake pathway (pH)

A
  • Cell surface –> neutral
  • Endosomes –> mildly acidic
    Lysosome –> acidic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lysosomes are acidic as…

A

Better at degradation

19
Q

Autophagy

A

When portions of the cell are ‘walled off’ and digested in the lysosome

20
Q

Plasma membrane function x3

A
  • Motility
  • Adhesion
  • Ion transport
21
Q

ER function

A

Membrane synthesis

22
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

Modification (e.g. adds phosphates) & sorting of secretory proteins into vesicles

23
Q

Lysosome function

A

Degradation of internalised material

24
Q

Microtubule function x2

A
  • Vesicle tracks that move organelles

- Cell division

25
Q

Microfilament function

A

Generates contractile force

26
Q

Intermediate filament function

A

Strength, support

27
Q

Vesicle transport

  • how
  • how mediated
A

Occurs along microtubule ‘tracks’

- Mediated by motor proteins

28
Q

Centrosome

  • function
  • structure
A
  • Centre for organising microtubules

- 2 centrioles, each = 9x microtubule triplets

29
Q

Advantage of compartmentalisation

A

Can regulate internal conditions for necessary reactions

30
Q

Clathrin

  • what
  • function
  • advantage
A
  • ‘scaffold’ coat
  • helps form & seal vesicle
  • clathrin coated pit formed, concentrates receptors for endocytosis
31
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Non-nucleated cells took up a bacterium –> replicated –> provided ATP –> cell survived by natural selection

32
Q

Mitochondria & DNA - & example

A

Have their own DNA from MATERNAL lineage

- Defects can cause metabolic disease

33
Q

Light microscopy samples - frozen

  • +ves
  • -ves
A
  • Faster

- Not easily preserved, less clear

34
Q

Light microscopy samples - embedded in paraffin wax

  • +ves
  • -ves
A
  • Preserved, clearer

- Long process, can damage e.g. proteins

35
Q

Haematoxylin

  • stains
  • colour
  • example
A
  • -ve charged (DNA, RNA)
  • Purple
  • e.g. rER
36
Q

Eosin

  • stains
  • colour
A
  • Proteins

- Pink

37
Q

Toluidine blue

  • stains
  • colour
  • example
A
  • Nissl susbtance
  • Blue
  • e.g. rER
38
Q

PAS

  • stains
  • example
  • PAS +ve?
A
  • Saccharide structures of glycoproteins
  • e.g. mucin
  • A cell containing significant glycoproteins
39
Q

Sites of chromatin condensation x3

A
  • Inactive genetic material
  • Chromosomes of mitosis
  • Programmed cell death
40
Q

Chromatin condensation in apoptosis

A

Condensation = more disorganised

41
Q

Plasma membrane & histology

A
  • Not visible in light microscopy

- BUT membrane assoc. structures stain

42
Q

Cilia

  • contain…
  • function
A
  • Contain microtubules

- For movement & sensing

43
Q

Microvilli

  • contain…
  • function
A
  • Contain actin filaments

- For absorption

Semester 1 flashcards (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions