Genetic & Environmental Causes of Disease Flashcards
5 chemical agents that contribute to disease/injury
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Dust
- Drugs
- Food
Effects of smoking on health x4
- Mutagenic –> cancer
- Inflammation –> COPD (bronchitis, emphysema)
- Nicotinic receptors –> increases b.p. & heart rate
- CO levels –> can cause intrauterine growth retardation
Effects of alcohol on health x4
- Larger doses = increased risk of cirrhosis
- Alcohol metabolism:
- decreases CNS function
- creates reactive O2 = damages lipid membranes
- teratogenic –> causes foetal developmental decay
Effects of dust on health x3
- Asthma
- Hayfever
- Asbestos –> can damage mesothelium
Effects of dugs on health x1
- Side effects of therapeutic drugs
Effects of food on health x2
- Allergic reactions
- Some foods could have connections w prevalence of some kinds of cancer
3 agents of human disease
- Infectious agents
- Chemical agents
- Physical agents
3 physical agents that contribute to disease/injury
- Mechanical injury
- Thermal injury (e.g. hypothermia, fever)
- Radiation (e.g. UV)
4 infectious agents that contribute to disease/injury
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Yeasts
- Fungi
Tropism of infectious disease determines… x2
- Which host they’ll infect (e.g. cats not humans)
- Which part of the body will be infected (e.g. salmonella = only GI tract)
Modes of infectious transmission x5
- Droplet, blood, water etc.
- Fomites –> transferred to an object = then picked up
- Horizontal –> patient to patient
- Vertical –> mother to child (through placenta)
- Zoonoses –> between species
Define heritability
The extent that observed differences are due to genes
Familial traits could be due to… x4
- Genes
- Social learning (environment)
- Operant conditions (rewards)
- Chance
Types of studies used to measure heritability x4
- Family studies
- Twin studies
- Adoption studies
- Migrant studies
Problems with twin studies
- Monozygotic might share more environment than dizygotic –> e.g encouraged to spend more time together