Body plan (DR) Flashcards
Aidan
What are the two parts of the skull?
Viscerocranium (facial skeleton) and Neurocranium (brain box).
What is the function of the skull?
The skull houses the organs of special sensation (i.e. vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell), maintains the airway, and supports the proximal parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
What are some structures protected in the neurocranium?
The cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem.
What are the joints between the flat plates of bone in the skull called?
Suture joints (fibrous).
Name the suture joints of the skull.
Coronal (frontal), Sagittal (Medial), Lamboydal (Y-shaped at anterior portion).
What is different about the bones of the viscerocranium compared to the neurocranium?
The viscerocranium (facial skeleton) consists of irregular bones, several of which are hollow and contain the paranasal air sinuses.
What are bones with air cells or sinuses known as?
Pneumatised bone.
What is the name of the joint where the lower jaw attaches to the skull?
Temporomandibular joint.
What is the anatomical name for the lower jaw?
Mandible.
What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
Atypical synovial joint.
What do the muscles of facial expression insert into?
They insert into the skin of the face, not bone, so that when they contract the skin moves.
How are the muscles of facial expression arranged?
They are arranged as spchinters and dilators around the orbit, nasal cavity and oral cavity.
What is fascia?
Fascia is fibrous connective tissue, consisting of collagen for flexibility, that encloses and separates anatomical structures (i.e. muscles and organs).
What are the compartments of the neck?
- The neck as a whole compartment enclosed within the investing fascia.
- Two vascular compartments consisting of the nuerovascular bundle (arteries, veins, nerves).enclosed in the carotid sheath.
- One visceral compartment consisting of the larynx, trachea, pharynx, oesophagus, thyroid glands, and parathyroid glands enclosed within the pretracheal fascia.
- One vertebral compartment consisting of the muscles surrounding the cervical vertebrae enclosed within the prevertebral fascia.
How many compartments are there in the neck?
Five in total.
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx.
How many vertebrae in the Cervical region?
Seven.
How many vertebrae in the Thoracic region?
Twelve.
How many vertebrae in the Lumbar region?
Five.
How many vertebrae in the Sacrum region?
Five (fused).
How many vertebrae in the Coccyx region?
3-4 (fused).