Infertility

Question 1

What is infertility?

Answer 1

Inability to conceive after 12 months regular unprotected intercourse

Question 2

What can cause infertility?

Answer 2

Sperm problems
Ovulation defects
Tubal disease
Uterine problems 
Unexplained

Question 3

What can cause sperm problems?

Answer 3

Low testosterone
Testicular damage
Genetic conditions
Post-testicular obstruction

Question 4

What factors can affect sperm quality?

Answer 4

Hot bathes
Tight underwear
Smoking 
Alcohol 
High BMI

Question 5

How is male infertility investigated?

Answer 5

Semen analysis 2x 3 months apart
Testosterone
LH
FSH

Question 6

What is normal semen volume?

Answer 6

> 1.5 ml

Question 7

What is normal semen pH?

Answer 7

> 7.2

Question 8

What is normal sperm concentration?

Answer 8

> 15 million per ml

Question 9

What is normal sperm count?

Answer 9

> 39 million per sample

Question 10

What is normal sperm motility?

Answer 10

> 40%

Question 11

How is male infertility managed/

Answer 11

Surgical sperm retrieval
Intrauterine insemination
Donor sperm

Question 12

What can cause anovulation?

Answer 12

PCOS
Weight related
Ovarian failure
Hyperprolactinaemia

Question 13

What can cause tubal defects?

Answer 13

PID
Pelvic surgery
Endometriosis

Question 14

How is female infertility investigated?

Answer 14

BMI 
LH + FSH 
Progesterone 
Rubella status
STI screen 
Pelvic USS
Tests for tubal patency

Question 15

What day is LH + FSH measured?

Answer 15

Day 2

Question 16

What day is progesterone measured?

Answer 16

7 days before end of cycle

Typical 28 day cycle = day 21

Question 17

What are tests for tubal patency?

Answer 17

Hysterosalpingogram

Diagnostic laparoscopy + dye

Question 18

How is anovulation managed?

Answer 18

Depends on cause

Weight correction
Clomifene - stimulate ovulation
GnRH - induce ovulation
Egg donation

Question 19

How is tubal disease managed?

Answer 19

Tubal cannulation during hysterosalpingogram

IVF