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Pathology -- Infectious Disease > Infectious Disease -- Viral Illness III > Flashcards

Infectious Disease -- Viral Illness III Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic information for Polio

A

Picornaviridae

Nonenveloped RNA

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2
Q

Polio Disease Progression

A
  • Infects Oropharynx, where it is secreted into saliva
  • Saliva swallowed, multiplication in the intestinal mucosa and LN
  • 1% invasion of CNS to replicate in MNeurons – Paralysis
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3
Q

The cellular receptors used by polioviruses are members of the ________ family

A

Immunoglobulin SUperfamily (Chromosome 19)

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4
Q

What other example of the immunoglobulin superfamily have we seen already?

A

iCAM (binder of Integrins)

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5
Q

Name the two Polio Vaccines

A

Salk – Inactive

Sabin – Oral, Live attenuated

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6
Q

Salk Vaccine – Duration of Immunity? Risks?

A

Requires Booster Vaccine

No risk of paralytic disease

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7
Q

Sabin Vaccine – Duration of Immunity? Risks?

A

Risk of paralytic dissease, esp in IC patients

Greater duration of immunity

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8
Q

Bonus perk of the Sabin vaccine

A

“Free Immunizations” by virus shed in stool

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9
Q

Common viral URT infections

A
  1. Rhinovirus
  2. Coronavirus
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Echovirus
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10
Q

Common viral LRT infections

A
  1. Influenza
  2. Parainfluenza
  3. RSV
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11
Q

What do you need to remember about RSV?

A

Kills Babies

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12
Q

Common viral GI Tract/Liver Infections

A
  1. Rotavirus (kids)
  2. Norwalk (Cruises)
  3. Hepatitis
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13
Q

Rhinovirus causes how many common colds?

A

more than 50%

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14
Q

Rhinovirus binds to

A

ICAM-1

this lets it infect any human/primate with ICAM-1 on their epithelial cells

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15
Q

Why does Rhinovirus only infect URT?

A

Virus needs cooler environment

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16
Q

Damage caused by Rhinovirus

A

Hypersecretion due to bradykinins and inflammatory response

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17
Q

Why do we keep getting infected with Rhinovirus

A

Antibody only blocks re-infection with the same serotype, but not others

18
Q

Important details about coronavirus

A

Second most common cause of common cold

Profuse Nasal Discharge, little effect on lower resp. tract

19
Q

Important details about Echovirus and Coxsackie Virus

A

Non-polio enteroviruses
Fecal/Oral spread, Dissemination in bloodstream after prolif. in lymphoreticular tissues
Primarily cause respiratory disorders (longer dissemination)

20
Q

Types of influenza

A

A, B, C
Groupsed by nucleoprotein
Subtyped by Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

21
Q

What is Hemagglutinin?

A

It binds to sialic acid-containing proteins and lipids on most cells
Mediates entry into the cell

22
Q

What is neuraminidase?

A

Plays a role in releasing virus from host cells

Cleaves Sialic Acid

23
Q

What happens in Influenza that allows epidemic spread

A

Shifts and Drifts

24
Q

Which type of Influenza are the major cause of pandemic/epidemic flu?
Which type infects mostly children?

A

A

B and C

25
Q

Pathology of Influenza viruses

A

Mucosal hyperemia with lymphomonocytic and plasmacytic infiltration of the submucosa
Hypersecretion

26
Q

Most influenza deaths are caused by…

A

secondary bacterial infection.

27
Q

Difference between antigenic drift and shift?

A

Drift – Mutation from year to year

Shift – Introduction of new subtype generated by recombination

28
Q

What is Croup? What causes it?

A

Acute, febrile laryngotracheobronchitis with insp. stridor, horaseness, and barking cough

Parainfluenza type 3

29
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in children under 2 years old?

A

RSV

30
Q

Most common cause of death in infants 1-6 months

A

RSV

31
Q

Important details to keep about Adenovirus?

A

Common cause of Acute respiratory disease + pneumo in military recruits.
Cowdry Type A Nuclear Inclusions
Epithelial Cell necrosis w/ sloughing

32
Q

Viral pneumonias common in immunosuppressed?

A

CMV
Chickenpox (varicella)
Herpes Simplex

33
Q

Two fecal/oral viruses that cause GI disease

A

Coxsackie

Poliovirus

34
Q

Important details of Rotavirus

A
  • Acute, self-limited
  • Infectious diarhea
  • Mostly Among Children/Infants
  • Fecal/Oral
35
Q

Most common time of Rotavirus onset

A

Weaning (IgA in mother’s milk is mildly protective)

36
Q

Important details of Norwalk agent

A
  • Epidemic viral gastroenteritis

- Naked, icosahedryl nucleocaspids which cannot grow in cultured cells

37
Q

Other than common cold, coronavirus can also cause…

A

diarrhea

38
Q

Three main ways that viruses are spread

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Fecal/Oral
  3. Infected Body Fluids
39
Q

How do viruses spread within a person

A
  1. Local disease
  2. Hematagenous disseminated
  3. Transmission thru nerve
40
Q

Most common pathology of viral infections

A

Lymphocytic infiltrates
Inclusion bodies
Cytopathic response
Syncytia (in RSV and Late HIV)

Pathology -- Infectious Disease (23 decks)

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