Infectious Disease -- Staphylococci

Question 1

The stupid basic bacteria facts

Answer 1

Gram Positive Pyogenic Cocci

Question 2

Steps of a Gram stain

Answer 2

Crystal violet + iodine, OH wash to decolor, counter stain with safrinin

Question 3

Staphylococci is Catalase…..

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

Streptococcus is Catalase….

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

Manifestations of pyogenic cocci commonly seen

Answer 5

Skin/Wound infection/eruption
URTI
Pneumonia
Food Poisoning/TSS
Septicemia/Disseminated Infections

Question 6

Pyogenic cocci account for the majority of _____ infections

Answer 6

Suppurative (pus forming)

Question 7

General features of Pyogenic cocci activity

Answer 7

Suppurative response
Abscess formation
More severe tissue damage from exotoxins+immunity

Question 8

What does Protein A do

Answer 8

It binds onto Antibody Fc chain so it can’t grab ahold of the bacteria

Question 9

Diseases of ______ result in many pyogenic infections

Answer 9

Neutrophil fxn

ex. Diabetes, Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 10

Two examples opsonins

Answer 10

Complement

C-reactive protein

Question 11

T or F. Staph is an exogenous bacteria

Answer 11

False

Its pretty much ubiquitous everywhere

Question 12

Coagulase positive staph?

Answer 12

Staph. aureus

Question 13

Coagulase negative staph?

Answer 13

Staph epidermidis

Question 14

When is the time we would give a shit about staph epidermidis

Answer 14

Contamination of medical devices, implants can lead to serious infection

Question 15

Non-coagulase methods of typing staph?

Answer 15

Bacteriophages

Plasmid transmitted antibiotic resistance

Question 16

General forms of staphylococcal infection

Answer 16

Local infection/Abscess formation
Bacteremia (sepsis) – Endocarditis, Kidneys, Bones, Joints
Toxin Mediated Disease – Food Poisoning, TSS

Question 17

Virulence factors associated with Staphylococcal infection

Answer 17

Coagulase
Toxins – Enterotoxins, Cytolytic, Exfoliative, TSST
Penicillinase
Fibronectin and Vitronectin to bind host cells
Protein A

Question 18

Four types of staphylococcal infection

Answer 18

Overgrowth of normal flora/URT
Access to sterile areas
Ingestion/Absorption of Toxins
Deep infection in immunosuppressed

Question 19

Examples of staphylococcal overgrowth

Answer 19

Sinusitis

Otitis Media

Question 20

Examples of staphylococcal access to sterile areas

Answer 20

Skin, Wound Infections
Hematogenous Spread from punctures
Bacteremic spread to joints, bones, heart valves

Question 21

Examples of staphylococcal deep infections seen in the immunocompromised

Answer 21

Necrotizing pneumonia

Septicemia

Question 22

Staph or Strep – who has a well localized abscess

Answer 22

Staph stay together

Question 23

The normal people word for furuncle

Answer 23

Boil

Question 24

Types of staphylococcal skin/wound infections

Answer 24

Furuncle/Carbuncle
Assoc. w/ sutures, foreign bodies
Prevalent in surgical wounds+burns
Impetigo

Question 25

Three main nosocomial infections

Answer 25

S. Aureus
E. Coli
Pseudomonas

Question 26

What is a carbuncle?

Answer 26

Multiple communicating furuncles

Question 27

Describe staphylococcal URT infection

Answer 27

Obstruction w/ overgrowth
Sinusitis, OM, Pharyngitis
Usually associated with damaged tissues
- previous viral inf., diabetes, trauma, foreign body

Question 28

Describe staphylococcal food poisoning

Answer 28

Enterotoxin
Short incubation (1-6 hours)
Assocaited with custards, meats, potato salad

Question 29

Describe staphylococcal TSS

Answer 29

Overgrowth of bacteria with absorption of toxin
T cell superantigen toxin
Fever, diffuse macular rash, shock
Looks like G- sepsis

Question 30

Describe staphylococcal bacteremia

Answer 30

Relatively common, but non-threatening
Seeding damaged tissues from circulation

Acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis

Question 31

Describe staphylococcal bronchopneumonia

Answer 31

Nosocomial, secondary to viral in./obstructive illness

VERY destructive purulent lesions

Question 32

Why give a shit about staphylococcus saprophyticus?

Answer 32

Presents in normal, periurethral skin
Important cause of UTI in young women
usually asymptomatic

Question 33

List a few common places for MRSA outbreaks in the community

Answer 33

Sports, Prison, Military, Daycare

Native Americans, Homosexuals, Tattood people

Question 34

How does MRSA tend to manifest?

Answer 34

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection

Less than 5% invasive (sepsis, bone/joint)

Question 35

Describe Staphylococcal skin and mucosal colonization

Answer 35

Break in Protective Barrier – Skin Infections, Furuncles, Carbuncles, Wound Infections
Local Overgrowth – Sinusitis, Otitis media

Question 36

Describe Staphylococcal blood stream invasion

Answer 36

Septic Arthritis, Osteomyelitis

Acute endocarditis can occur in right sided IV drug users

Question 37

Describe what happens in Staphylococcal infections with an origin of absorption or toxin

Answer 37

Vaginal overgrowth in menstrual blood - Toxic Shock Syndrome

Contamination of Food - Staphylococcal food poisoning

Question 38

Describe what happens in Staphylococcal infections in debilitated (hospitalized) patients

Answer 38

Colonization of surfaces/instruments – MRSA

Aspiration of Saliva – Necrotizing bronchopneumonia

Question 39

More than 50% of hospital setting Staphylococcal infections are…

Answer 39

MRSA