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Pathology -- Infectious Disease > Infections Diseases - Parasitic Diseases Packet #1 > Flashcards

Infections Diseases - Parasitic Diseases Packet #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Three parasitic diseases associated with Immunosuppression

A

Giardia lamblia
Amebiasas
Cryptosporidiosis

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2
Q

Four key determinants of parasitic disease

A

Malnourishment
Sanitation
Climate
Vectors

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3
Q

What are protazoa?

A

Single celled organisms with complex cytoplasmic organelles. Most are motile. Most are fecal/oral (except the blood bournes like malaria + leishmaniasis)

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4
Q

Amebiasis is caused by…

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

Pathophysiology of Amebiasis?

A

Infectious form (cysts) have cell wall to resist gastric acid
Trophozoites are amebic form.
They lyse colonic epithelial cells.
Only about 10% cause dysentery.

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6
Q

Parts of the colon influenced by Amebiasis?

A

Cecum and Ascending bowel

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7
Q

Amoeba look like what cell type?

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

Describe what happens when Amebiasis trophozoites invade

A

Invade crypts of the colonic glands
Burrow through the tunica propria
Stuck at the muscularis mucosae

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9
Q

Describe the lesions generated by Amebiasis

A

FLASK SHAPED ULCERS with narrow neck and broad base
Mucosal cells above it slough due to ischemia
Neutrophils enter–>liquefactive necrosis

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10
Q

Chronic damage in Amebiasis may lead to what features of the lesions

A

Napkin like constrictive lesion similar to colonic carcinoma due to extensive fibrosis

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11
Q

Relationship of Amebiasis and the liver

A

In 40%, parasites penetrate portal vessels
make AMEBIC ABSCESSES in the liver
possibly pain on palpation

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12
Q

Treatment for Amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole. It targets ferredoxin-dependent pyruvate-oxioreductase, preventing glucose fermentation.

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13
Q

Most prevalent pathogenic intestinal organism worldwide

A

Giardia lamblia

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14
Q

How to remove Giardia lamblia?

A

Filtration

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15
Q

Giardia lamblia is spread by…

A

Fecal/Oral

Common in day care centers, institutions for mentally retarded

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16
Q

Giardia lamblia is associated with what immune defect?

A 
IgA deficiency
(Also common in AIDS patients)
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17
Q

Pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia?

A

Trophozoites multiply in SI, attach but don’t invade

DIARRHEA, NOT DYSENTERY

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18
Q

What causes the diarrhea of Giardia lamblia?

A

Alterations in nutrient malabsorption

NOT excess electrolyte secretion

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19
Q

How does Giardia lamblia bind SI?

A

Concave attachment disc

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20
Q

How does Giardia lamblia block nutrient absorption?

A

Blocked mucosal Surface

Samage to microvilli

21
Q

Characteristic morphology of Giardia lamblia trophozoites?

A

Cartoon ghost

22
Q

Abnormalities of mucosa seen in Giardia lamblia infection?

A

Clubbing of villi
Mixed inflammatory infiltrate in lamina propria
In IgA deficient – follicular hypertropy of mucosal lymphoid tissue

23
Q

Giardia lamblia is treated with…

A

Metronidazole (same reason as Amebasis)

24
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

25
Q

Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Tranisent, Watery Diarrhea
More common in Kids
Severe in IC

26
Q

Difference between Cryptosporidiosis, Giardia, and amebae in AIDS patient.

A

While they’re all there more commonly, disease is no more severe with IC patients than mormal. Cryptosporidiosis causes a much worse disease state in AIDS patients.

27
Q

How is Cryptosporidiosis cleared from water

A

filtration

28
Q

Only parasite with sexual resproduction in host

A

Cryptosporidiosis

29
Q

Pathogenesis of Cryptosporidiosis

A

Sporocytes adhere to colonic epithelium
Malabsorption and secretory diarrhea
Invasion, Infection of Macro. and Peyer’s patches

30
Q

What immune cell is required to control Cryptosporidiosis?

A

CD4

31
Q

Symptoms in Immunocompetent patient of Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Diarrhea and Vomiting for 3-14 days

32
Q

What part of the bowel tends to get Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Jejunum+Ileum

Sometimes colonic

33
Q

Only Ciliated protozoan to infect humans?

A

Balantidiasis

34
Q

Effects of Balantidiasis

A

Ciliary dysentery

35
Q

Where is Balantidiasis

A

Rare in US, common worldwide (mostly tropics)

Exists wherever pigs are

36
Q

How do Balantidiasis ulcers look different from E. histolytica?

A

Remain localized to the cecum and sigmoidorectal areas

37
Q

Balantidiasis. How to diagnose?

A

Stool trophozoites

38
Q

Treatment for Balantidiasis?

A

Tetracycline

Iodoquinal

39
Q

How to diagnose entamoeba histolytica?

A

Stool/Aspirates trophozoites or cysts

40
Q

How to treat entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metranidazole, Iodoquinal

41
Q

How to diagnose Giardia?

A

Cysts/trophozoites in stool

Biopsy, String Test

42
Q

How to treat Giardia?

A

Metronidazole, Furazolidone

43
Q

How to diagnose Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Biopsy, Fecal smears

String Test

44
Q

How to treat Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Spiramycin

45
Q

How to diagnose Trichomoniasis?

A

Demonstrate motile trophozoite on discharge smear

46
Q

Treatment for Trichamoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

47
Q

Pathogenesis of Trichamoniasis?

A

Mild reaction that can allow secondary bacterial infection

In alkaline female conditions –> profuse, watery leukorrheic discharge with pruritis of the vagina + vulva

48
Q

pathology of Trichamoniasis?

A

Strawberry Mucosa - Spotty reddening of mucosa with small papulaes/blisters
Mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate
Turnip shaped trichamonads visible in fresh discharge prep

Pathology -- Infectious Disease (23 decks)

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