Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology -- Infectious Disease > Infectious Disease -- Viral Illness I > Flashcards

Infectious Disease -- Viral Illness I Flashcards

1
Q

Example of a species specific virus

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Example of a non-specific virus

A

Rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are most viruses species specific or non-specific

A

Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are cells killed in viral illness?

A

Virus replication at host cell expense

Immune response to infected cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Steps in virus infection and replication

A 
Attachment to Host Cell
Host Cell Penetration
Viral Uncoating
Replication
Re-assembly of virons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of Viral Trophism – HIV, EBV, Rabies, Rhino

A

HIV – CD4
EBV – Complement CD21 receptor
Rabies – Acetylcholine Receptor
Rhinoviruses – ICAM-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some viruses require special enzymes/promoter elements in host cells. Give an example

A

JC virus can only infect oligodendrocytes because they have the enzymes that JC needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ways that Viruses cause host cell death

A
  • Inhibition of host RNA, DNA, or protein synthesis
  • Viral proteins damage membrane integrity/promote fusion
  • Replication and lyse host cells
  • Anti-viral host responses with recognition of viral antigens on infected host cell
  • Secondary Infection - suppressed host immune resp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are viral infections pyogenic?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hallmarks of viral spread

A

Infection of mucosal cells or parenchymal cells at entry
Dissemination via viremia (in most cases)
Lymphocytic inflammation +/- necrosis
Morphologic alterations of infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common viral morphological alterations of infected cells

A

Vacuolization, Inclusion Bodies, Multinucleated Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats the point of antibody response to a virus?

A

Neutralizing - prevent viremia, prevent re-infection
Opsonization
Complement-mediated cell / viral uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effects of antibody presence on primary infection?

A

Pretty much none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antiviral neutralizations

A

Prevent attachment/Cell Entry

Interfere with Viral Uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Negative role of antibodies in some disease states (ex. Hep B, C, HIV)

A

Immune Complex Reactions

Arthralgias, Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NK cells are especially effective killers of cells with…

A

Low MHC1 expression

17
Q

Three major antiviral cytokines

A

gamma-interferons
interferon alpha
interferon beta

18
Q

Effect of gamma interferons

A

Inhibition of RNA translation which effects viral translation more than host fxn

19
Q

Effect of interferons alpha and beta

A

Activation of antiviral responses

20
Q

Pattern for local viral illness

Rhinitis, Influenza, Gastroenteritis

A

Short Incubation Time

Lesion at entry site (local cytopathic injury, inflammation)

21
Q

Pattern for distant illnesses

A

Longer incubation times (weeks) – Viremia+nerve passage

Lesions tend to involve immune mediated damage

22
Q

What does the viral incubation period reflect?

A

Distribution of the Virus

Development of host immune response

23
Q

Four ways that a virus might get distributed through the body

A 
Proliferation at entry site
Viremia dissemination though the blod 
Lymphoid Dissemination (HIV, EBV)
Nerve transmission (herpes, rabies)
24
Q

Characteristic cytopathic features of viral illness

A

Inclusion Bodies
Lysis (Skin vesicles)
Cytoplasmic Features
Cell Alterations

25
Q

Two viral specific examples of cytoplasmic features given

A

Hep – Ground Glass Cytoplasm

HPV – Koilocytosis

26
Q

Two viral specific examples of cell alterations given

A

Warthin-Finkeldey – Measles giant cells

Hep – Councilman Bodies

27
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in CMV

A

Distinct intranuclear and ill-defined cytoplasmic inclusions

28
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in Herpes, varicella

A

Cowdry Type A intranuclear Inclusion bodies

29
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in Rabies

A

Negri bodies, Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies

30
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in HPV

A

Koilocytes

31
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in Hepatitis

A

Councilman Bodies

32
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in Measles

A

Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies

33
Q

Characteristic Inclusion body seen in adenovirus

A

Smudge cells

Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies.

34
Q

Cellular infiltrates seen in tissues responses in viral infection

A

Mononuclear infiltrates
Often Perivascular
Remains Interstitial
Secondary Bacterial Infection

35
Q

Immune responses in tissue reactions/cell injury

A

Rashes, Vesicles
Hepatitis – Hepatocellular Necrosis
Cytokines – local inflamm, increased secretions
Decreased Fxn – Loss of Intestinal Absorp. (diarrhea)

Pathology -- Infectious Disease (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions