INFECTIONS- GENERAL INFO Flashcards by thurica jeyaselan

what is an infection?

When pathogen enters body, proliferates + causes a reaction.

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What are 6 symptoms of infection?

High temp

Malaise, aches, pains

Inflammation , swelling, pus

Confusion in elderly

Worsening renal function

Breathing difficulties

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What are 3 RED FLAG symptoms of infection?

Confusion in elderly

Worsening renal function

Breathing difficulties

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What are the clinical biomarkers of an infection?

Increased CRP, ESR, temp , resp + glucose level

Reduced BP

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What is first line tx for infection?

Antibiotics

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What are GI SE of antibiotics?

N + V, diarrhoea.

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What are 2 examples of superinfection?

Candidiasis

Colitis

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What are 2 drugs given for colitis?

clarithro + broad spectrum (amoxicillin, ampicilin, 3rd + 4th gen ceph, quinolones)

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What are 2 antibiotics patients are usually allergic to?

Penicillins

Cephaosporins.

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What are broad spectrum antibiotics used for ?

Serious infections - variety

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What are narrow spectrum antibiotics used for?

Less resistance

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List 7 examples of broad spectrums abx? (CAPTN MCQ)

Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides

Penicillin (amox)
Tetracyclines
Nitro

Macrolides
Cephalosporins
carbapenems
quinolone

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List 6 examples of narrow spectrums abx? (PG TLC)

phenoxymethylpenicillin/ Benzylpenicillin
glycopeptides

Trimethoprim
linezolid
clindamycin

metro

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What should doctors do if patient contracts certain infections?

Notify proper officer

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Which 5 abx are bacteriostatic?

Chloramphenicol

Linezolid

Tetracycline

macrolides

clindamycin

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What are some causes of AMR?

Blind prescribing

Giving Narrow spectrum abx

Avoid repeat dose

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What is antimicrobial stewardship?

promotes + monitors antimicrobial use to preserve its effectiveness

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What 4 abx classes do we take with or after food?

Clarithromycin MR
Pivmecillinam

Metro

Nitrofurantoin

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What 4 abx do we take on empty stomach? (FAT P or DROP FAT)

Flucloxacillin

Azithro caps

Tetracyclines

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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What 4 abx are cautioned for myasthenia gravia?

Macrolides

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Quinolones

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What 2 patient counselling points for abx?

Complete the course

Medical help if symptoms worsen, unwell, problems with tx.

What abx route is avoided in children?

IM- pain

What label is usually on antibiotics as a cautionary label?

Space doses evenly throughout the day and keep taking the medicine until the course in finished unless you are told to stop

What 3 factors determine antibiotic choice?

Patient choice

Bacteria

Resistance

What 2 class of abx to give if patient has a pencicillin allergy?

Macrolides Metronidazole

What is cross sensitivity if patient has penicillin allergy?

If patient allergic to penicillin, there is a small chance of them being allergic to cephalosporins + beta lactams.

What class of abx are given for dental infections?

Metronidazole

What class of abx are contraindicated in under 12 years except doxycycline + lymecycline?

Tetracyclines

What 2 abx drug classes should NOT be given to children under 12?

Tetracyclines Quinolones

What is antibiotic associated colitis?

overuse can cause liver/ renal impairment. Can be caused by drug interactions

What 4 antibiotic drug classes are usually nephrotoxic?

1.Aminoglycoside + 2.glycopeptide 3.Tetracyclines 4.Nitrofurantoin

What 2 abx drug classes are hepatotoxic?

Macrolides fluclox co-amox rifampicin (3/4 tb meds-RIP)

What class of antibiotics must not be given under 12 years old?

Tetracyclines

What are 2 abx exceptions to tetracyclines being nephrotoxic?

Minocycline Doxycycline

Why is nitrofurantoin nephrotoxic?

Relies on renal clearance

What 2 antibiotics can cause Cholestatic jaundice and is contra-indicated?

Co-amoxiclav Flucloxacillin

What 4 classes of abx are used during pregnancy? (PECC)

Penicillin Erythromycin Cephalosporins Clindamycin

What 3 antibiotics are AVOIDED in pregnancy?

tetracyclines (e.g. doxy) Trimethoprim Nitrofurantoin

What other 4 antibiotics should be AVOIDED in pregnancy (Q-CAM)?

Quinolones Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides Metronidazole

What is 1st line abx treatment for staphylococci bacteria?

Flucloaxcillin

What is 1st line abx treatment for MRSA? (3)

Vancomycin OR Teicoplanin OR Linezolid

What is an alternative antibiotic to vancomycin?

Linezolid

What is the 2 abx used for streptococci bacteria treatment?

Benzylpenicilin Phenoxymethylpenicilin

What is the abx used to treat anaerobic infections?

Metronidazole

What 2 abx are used to treat infections caused by pseudomonas?

Gentamicin Antipseudomonal penicillin

What is TB treatment length?

6 MONTHS 2 months - RIPE 4 months - RI

What is latent TB tx?

3 months R + I or 6 months of isoniazid

What TB drug discolours contact lenses + turns urine orange-red?

Rifampicin

What do we need to give with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy?

B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride)

What drugs in TB tx is hepatotoxic?

Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide

What TB drug effects ear + eyes?

Ethambutol