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PRE-REG-Thuri > INFECTIONS- GENERAL INFO > Flashcards

INFECTIONS- GENERAL INFO Flashcards

1
Q

what is an infection?

A

When pathogen enters body, proliferates + causes a reaction.

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2
Q

What are 6 symptoms of infection?

A

High temp

Malaise, aches, pains

Inflammation , swelling, pus

Confusion in elderly

Worsening renal function

Breathing difficulties

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3
Q

What are 3 RED FLAG symptoms of infection?

A

Confusion in elderly

Worsening renal function

Breathing difficulties

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4
Q

What are the clinical biomarkers of an infection?

A

Increased CRP, ESR, temp , resp + glucose level

Reduced BP

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5
Q

What is first line tx for infection?

A

Antibiotics

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6
Q

What are GI SE of antibiotics?

A

N + V, diarrhoea.

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7
Q

What are 2 examples of superinfection?

A

Candidiasis

Colitis

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8
Q

What are 2 drugs given for colitis?

A

clarithro + broad spectrum (amoxicillin, ampicilin, 3rd + 4th gen ceph, quinolones)

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9
Q

What are 2 antibiotics patients are usually allergic to?

A

Penicillins

Cephaosporins.

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10
Q

What are broad spectrum antibiotics used for ?

A

Serious infections - variety

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11
Q

What are narrow spectrum antibiotics used for?

A

Less resistance

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12
Q

List 7 examples of broad spectrums abx? (CAPTN MCQ)

A

Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides

Penicillin (amox)
Tetracyclines
Nitro

Macrolides
Cephalosporins
carbapenems
quinolone

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13
Q

List 6 examples of narrow spectrums abx? (PG TLC)

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin/ Benzylpenicillin
glycopeptides

Trimethoprim
linezolid
clindamycin

metro

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14
Q

What should doctors do if patient contracts certain infections?

A

Notify proper officer

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15
Q

Which 5 abx are bacteriostatic?

A

Chloramphenicol

Linezolid

Tetracycline

macrolides

clindamycin

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16
Q

What are some causes of AMR?

A

Blind prescribing

Giving Narrow spectrum abx

Avoid repeat dose

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17
Q

What is antimicrobial stewardship?

A

promotes + monitors antimicrobial use to preserve its effectiveness

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18
Q

What 4 abx classes do we take with or after food?

A

Clarithromycin MR
Pivmecillinam

Metro

Nitrofurantoin

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19
Q

What 4 abx do we take on empty stomach? (FAT P or DROP FAT)

A

Flucloxacillin

Azithro caps

Tetracyclines

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

DROP FAT
- Demeclocyyline | Rifampicin (label 22/23) | oxytetracycline | phenoxymethylpenicillin| Flucloxacillin| ampicillin | tetracycline

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20
Q

What 4 abx are cautioned for myasthenia gravia?

A

Macrolides

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Quinolones

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21
Q

What 2 patient counselling points for abx?

A

Complete the course

Medical help if symptoms worsen, unwell, problems with tx.

22
Q

What abx route is avoided in children?

A

IM- pain

23
Q

What label is usually on antibiotics as a cautionary label?

A

Space doses evenly throughout the day and keep taking the medicine until the course in finished unless you are told to stop

24
Q

What 3 factors determine antibiotic choice?

A

Patient choice

Bacteria

Resistance

25
Q

What 2 class of abx to give if patient has a pencicillin allergy?

A

Macrolides

Metronidazole

26
Q

What is cross sensitivity if patient has penicillin allergy?

A

If patient allergic to penicillin, there is a small chance of them being allergic to cephalosporins + beta lactams.

27
Q

What class of abx are given for dental infections?

A

Metronidazole

28
Q

What class of abx are contraindicated in under 12 years except doxycycline + lymecycline?

A

Tetracyclines

29
Q

What 2 abx drug classes should NOT be given to children under 12?

A

Tetracyclines

Quinolones

30
Q

What is antibiotic associated colitis?

A

overuse can cause liver/ renal impairment.

Can be caused by drug interactions

31
Q

What 4 antibiotic drug classes are usually nephrotoxic?

A

1.Aminoglycoside + 2.glycopeptide

3.Tetracyclines
4.Nitrofurantoin

32
Q

What 2 abx drug classes are hepatotoxic?

A

Macrolides

fluclox

co-amox

rifampicin (3/4 tb meds-RIP)

33
Q

What class of antibiotics must not be given under 12 years old?

A

Tetracyclines

34
Q

What are 2 abx exceptions to tetracyclines being nephrotoxic?

A

Minocycline

Doxycycline

35
Q

Why is nitrofurantoin nephrotoxic?

A

Relies on renal clearance

36
Q

What 2 antibiotics can cause Cholestatic jaundice and is contra-indicated?

A

Co-amoxiclav

Flucloxacillin

37
Q

What 4 classes of abx are used during pregnancy? (PECC)

A

Penicillin

Erythromycin

Cephalosporins

Clindamycin

38
Q

What 3 antibiotics are AVOIDED in pregnancy?

A

tetracyclines (e.g. doxy)

Trimethoprim

Nitrofurantoin

39
Q

What other 4 antibiotics should be AVOIDED in pregnancy (Q-CAM)?

A

Quinolones

Chloramphenicol

Aminoglycosides

Metronidazole

40
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for staphylococci bacteria?

A

Flucloaxcillin

41
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for MRSA? (3)

A

Vancomycin OR Teicoplanin

OR Linezolid

42
Q

What is an alternative antibiotic to vancomycin?

A

Linezolid

43
Q

What is the 2 abx used for streptococci bacteria treatment?

A

Benzylpenicilin

Phenoxymethylpenicilin

44
Q

What is the abx used to treat anaerobic infections?

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

What 2 abx are used to treat infections caused by pseudomonas?

A

Gentamicin

Antipseudomonal penicillin

46
Q

What is TB treatment length?

A

6 MONTHS

2 months - RIPE

4 months - RI

47
Q

What is latent TB tx?

A

3 months R + I

or

6 months of isoniazid

48
Q

What TB drug discolours contact lenses + turns urine orange-red?

A

Rifampicin

49
Q

What do we need to give with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy?

A

B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride)

50
Q

What drugs in TB tx is hepatotoxic?

A

Rifampicin

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

51
Q

What TB drug effects ear + eyes?

A

Ethambutol

PRE-REG-Thuri (44 decks)

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