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PRE-REG-Thuri > INFECTIONS- CLINDAMYCIN, LINEZOLID + CHLORAMPHENICOL, METRO, NITRO + TRIMETHOPRIM > Flashcards

INFECTIONS- CLINDAMYCIN, LINEZOLID + CHLORAMPHENICOL, METRO, NITRO + TRIMETHOPRIM Flashcards

1
Q

What is MOA of clindamycin?

A

Active against anaerobes + gram +ve cocci (MRSA, streptococci).

Prevents protein synthesis

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2
Q

Is clindamycin narrow or broad spectrum?

A

narrow

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3
Q

What are 2 indications for clindamycin?

A

MRSA

Staphlococcal bone + joint

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4
Q

Is clindamycin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bacteriostatic

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5
Q

What is a common SE of clindamycin?

A

antibiotic associated colitis

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6
Q

What to do if suspecting antibiotic associated colitis with clindamycin use?

A

Stop using, report any severe, bloody, or prolonged diarrhoea.

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7
Q

What is the MOA of linezolid?

A

Only works on gram + ve bacteria
Prevents protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Is Linezolid broad or narrow Spectrum?

A

Narrow

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9
Q

What bacteria type does linezolid work on?

A

Gram + ve

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10
Q

Is linezolid bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

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11
Q

What are 2 indications for linezolid?

A

Complicated skin + soft tissue infections

e.g. pneumonia

MRSA

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12
Q

What are 2 SEs of linezolid? (BOT)

A

Blood disorders

Optic neuropathy

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13
Q

What is an interaction that can occur with having tyramine rich food with linezolid?

A

Hypertensive crisis

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14
Q

What 3 drugs can increase risk of hypertensive crisis + serotonin syndrome with linezolid?

A

MAOI

B2 agonist

Sympathomimetic - adrenaline

Lithium, SSRIs

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15
Q

What happens in interaction between MAOI + Linezolid?

A

Hypertensive crisis

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15
Q

What to do if patient on MAOI + Linezolid?

A

Avoid ABx and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI

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16
Q

What is a counselling point for patient regarding linezolid + optic neuropathy?

A

Report visual impairment - visual defect, eyesight changes

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17
Q

What 2 things are monitored for linezolid?

A

Visual function if abx used longer than 28 days

FBC (weekly)

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18
Q

What to check if Linezolid used longer than 28 days?

A

visual function

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19
Q

What 3 criteria to specifically check FBC on linezolid patients?

A

if treatment 10-14 days, severe RI or

drugs that may have adverse effects on haemoglobin.

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20
Q

What is MOA chloramphenicol?

A

Prevent protein synthesis?

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21
Q

What is chloramphenicol spectrum?

A

Broad

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22
Q

What is use for chloramphenicol?

A

Life threatening infections

23
Q

What is 1 MAIN SE of chloramphenicol? (BG)

A

Blood disorder

24
Q

What happens if chloramphenicol given during pregnancy in 3rd trimester?

A

Grey baby syndrome

25
Q

MOA metronidazole?

A

Active against anaerobic bacteria + protozoa

prevents DNA synthesis

26
Q

What spectrum is metronidazole?

A

Narrow

27
Q

What 3 types of anaerobic infections can be treated using metronidazole?

A

Oral

H pylori

Rosacea

28
Q

What is indication of Metronidazole?

A

Anaerobic infections

Protozoal infections

29
Q

What is daily dose for metronidazole?

A

400mg/500mg TDSq

30
Q

How to take metronidazole?

A

Take after food or with meal- helps N + V.

31
Q

What is 1 thing NOT to do when on metronidazole?

A

Don’t drink alcohol + avoid 48 hours after treatment

32
Q

What are 2 main SE of metronidazole? (G-MOF)

A

Gastro intestinal disturbances - N, V

Metalic taste

Oral mucositis

Furry tongue

33
Q

What reaction happens with alcohol and metronidazole?

A

Disulfiram like reaction

34
Q

What is MOA of nitrofurantoin?

A

Only works on urinary pathogens

Damage DNA in bacteria

35
Q

What is spectrum of nitrofurantoin?

A

Narrow

36
Q

What is use of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Lower UTI

37
Q

When to take Nitrofurantoin?

A

With or after food

38
Q

What are 3 main SE of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Yellow brown urine
Hepatic/pulmonary reactions

Nausea

Peripheral neuropathy (stop)

39
Q

What happens to patient taking Nitrofurantoin and is harmless?

A

Yellow brown urine

40
Q

Can Nitrofurantoin be used in pregnancy?

A

yes but AVOID at term

41
Q

Can Nitrofurantoin be used in renal impairment?

A

Avoid if eGFR <45.

42
Q

What can use of nitrofurantoin cause in patients with (G6PD) deficiency?

A

haemolytic Anaemia

43
Q

What is a contra-indication of nitrofurantoin in babies?

A

Avoid in babies <3 months

44
Q

MOA of trimethoprim?

A

Prevents DNA synthesis - bactericidal

45
Q

Spectrum of trimethoprim?

A

Narrow

46
Q

Indication of trimethoprim?

A

Lower UTI

47
Q

What is dose of trimethoprim?

A

200mg BD

48
Q

What are 2 SEs of trimethoprim?

A

Blood disorders

Hyperkalaemia

49
Q

What electrolyte imbalance does trimethoprim cause?

A

Hyperkalaemia

50
Q

Can trimethoprim be used in pregnancy?

A

NO teratogenic in 1st trimester- as folate antagonist

51
Q

What should patients report in signs of blood disorders if taking trimethoprim?

A

Report fever, sore throat, mouth ulcer, bruising, bleeding.

52
Q

What is common dose of trimethoprim?

A

200mg BD

53
Q

What is adult nitrofurantoin MR dose for UTI?

A

100 mg BD for 3 days

54
Q

What is adult nitrofurantoin MR dose for UTI in males or pregnant women?

A

100 mg BD for 7 days

55
Q

What drug has a MHRA warning about the risks of pulmonary and hepatic adverse?

A

Nitrofurantoin.

56
Q

What is dose reduction for patients with hepatic encephalopathy and on metronidazole?

A

Manufacturer advises dose reduction to one-third of the daily dose in hepatic encephalopathy (dose may be given once daily).

PRE-REG-Thuri (44 decks)

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