Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PRE-REG-Thuri > BACTERIAL INFECTIONS > Flashcards

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What is 1st line abx for c. diff?

A

ORAL vancomycin for 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is 2st line abx for c. diff?

A

oral Fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is vancomycin monitored?

A

Initial doses should be based on body-weight

After -based on levels

Taken 2nd day treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is vanc level?

A

Trough levels

10–20 mg/litre

15-20 (cover susceptible pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 3 risk factors that can increase risk of c. diff?

A

Elderly

PPI

Hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 abx can cause c. diff?

A

Clindamycin

Quinolones

Penicillin (amox, ampicillin)

3rd/4th gen cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What abx to give for further episode of c. diff which lasts less than 12 weeks?

A

Fidoxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What abx to give for further episode of c. diff which lasts MORE than 12 weeks?

A

Fidoxomicin OR oral vanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What abx to give in life threatening c diff?

A

Oral vanc + IV metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 4 pathogens are endocarditis caused by?

A

HACEK. staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is 1st line treatment for endocarditis if native valve?

A

Blind therapy-

if native valve - amoxicillin or ampicillin

+/- low dose of gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is 1st line treatment for endocarditis if penicillin allergy?

A

If penicillin-allergic, or if MRSA suspected, or severe sepsis,

–> vancomycin + low-dose gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment if prosthetic valve affected by endocarditis?

A

Vancomycin + rifampicin

+ LOW dose gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What abx to give if endocarditis caused by MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What abx to give if endocarditis caused by staphylococci?

A

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What abx to give if endocarditis caused by streptococci?

A

Benzylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are causative agents of cough + pneumonia?

A

S pneumoniae

H influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is 1st line abx for low severity CAP infection?

A

Amox 500- 1g TDS

5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is 1st line abx for LOW or moderate severity respiratory infection if PENICILLIN ALLERGY?

A

Either:

Clarithromycin/ doxycycline or erythromycin (preg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is 1st line abx for moderate severity CAP infections?

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is 1st line abx for HIGH severity CAP infection?

A

Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

OR

erythromycin (pregnant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is 2nd line abx for HIGH severity CAP infection if PENICILLIN allergy?

A

Levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is 1st line abx for respiratory infection at hospital- non severe + not at higher risk of resistance?

A

Co amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is 1st line abx for respiratory infection at hospital- non severe + not at higher risk of resistance IF ALLERGY?

A

Doxy or

Cefalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What 2 abx are added if respiratory infection caused by atypical abx?

A

Clarithromycin or Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is causative agent of meningitis?

A

N meningitidis

Strep. P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is 1st line abx for meningitis?

A

Benzylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is 1st line abx for meningitis if penicillin allergy?

A

Cefotaxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is 1st line abx for meningitis if immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins?

A

Chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the cause of impetigo or cellulitis?

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is 1st line treatment for local non- bullous impetigo?

A
  1. Hydrogen peroxide cream
  2. Fusidic acid (if above unsuitable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What treatment to give if impetigo is resistant?

A

Mupirocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is 1st line treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo?

A

flucloxacillin
OR

Fusidic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is 1st line treatment for bullous + non bullous if HIGH RISK?

A

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is 1st line treatment for bullous + non bullous if HIGH RISK + penicillin allergy?

A

Clarithromycin OR erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for cellulitis?

A

Flucloxicillin ORAL/ IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is abx treatment for cellulitis if flucloxicillin unsuitable but not due to allergy?

A

Co- amoxiclav or doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for cellulitis near eyes/nose?

A

Co-amoxiclav ORAL/iv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for cellulitis near eyes/nose + penicillin allergy?

A

Clarithromycin + metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for animal/human BITES?

A

Co-amoxiclav oral/ IV - 5 days treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is 2nd line abxs for animal or human bites?

A

Doxy (broad) + metro (anaerobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is duration of prophylaxis for animal bites?

A

3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is 1st line abx for animal scratches?

A

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is 1st line abx for lyme disease?

A

doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is 2nd line abx + dose for lyme disease?

A

Amoxicillin 1000mg TDS - 21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is doxycycline dose + duration for lyme disease?

A

doxycycline 100mg BD

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is diabetic foot infection 1st line abx if not severe?

A

flucloxacillin

pen allergy - clarit/ erythro/ doxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is diabetic foot infection 1st line abx if severe with abcess or osteomyelitis?

A

flucloxacillin OR co-amox + gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is diabetic foot infection 1st line abx if severe with abcess or osteomyelitis if penicillin allergy?

A

co-trimoxazole + gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is 1st line abx as standby for traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is treatment for traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

bismuth subsalicylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are 2 musculoskeletal infections?

A

Osteomyelitis

Septic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for musculoskeletal infections e.g. Osteomyelitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is given as 1st line for Osteomyelitis if penicillin allergy?

A

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is given as 1st line for Osteomyelitis if MRSA suspected?

A

Vancomycin

56
Q

What to add on with fluclox to patient if they have had osteomyelitis?

A

Think of adding:

Fusidic acid or rifampicin for initial 2 weeks.

total duration 6 weeks

57
Q

What to give to patient if they have had septic arthritis caused by gram -ve bacteria or gonococcal arthritis?

A

Cefotaxime OR ceftriaxone

for

4-6 weeks

58
Q

What type of bacteria cause dental infections?

A

Anaerobes

59
Q

What are 5 examples of dental infections?

A

Gingivitis (ANUG)

Periapical abscess

Periodontal abscess

Periodontitis

Pericoronitis

60
Q

What is 1st line treatment for Pericoronitis/ANUG ?

A

Metronidazole 400-500mg TDS

61
Q

How long is abx treatment for Pericoronitis/ANUG?

A

3 days

62
Q

What is 2nd line abx treatment for Pericoronitis/ANUG ?

A

Amoxicillin

63
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for periapical periodontal abscess?

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin OR

Amoxicillin

64
Q

What is alternative abx treatment for periapical periodontal abscess if penicillin allergy?

A

clarithromycin

65
Q

What is abx add on-treatment for periapical periodontal abscess if sign of infection spreading?

A

Add in metronidazole

66
Q

What is otitis externa causes? (2)

A

Staph Aureus

Pseudonomas aeruginosa

67
Q

What is otitis media cause (3)?

A

H. influenza

S. pneumoniae or S. pyogenes

68
Q

What is sinusitis cause?

A

S. pneumoniae

S. aureus

H influenza

69
Q

What is 1 causative agent of sore throat?

A

S. pyogenes

70
Q

What is 1st line abx otitis externa if systemically unwell?

A

Flucloxacillin

71
Q

What is 1st line treatment for otitis externa?

A

acetic acid - earcalm

72
Q

What is 2nd line treatment for otitis externa?

A

Topical neomycin sulfate with steroid

73
Q

What is abx tx for otitis externa if penicillin allergy?

A

Clarithro

Erythro (preg) OR azithro

74
Q

What is 2 options of abx tx for otitis externa if PSEUDOMONAS suspected?

A

Cipro

Aminoglycosides

75
Q

What is 1st line for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin OR

co- amoxiclav (after 2-3 days of above not working)

76
Q

What is 1st line for sinusitis?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin OR

co-amoxiclav

77
Q

What is 1st line for sore throat?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

78
Q

What is duration of tx for sore throat with 1st line abx?

A

5-10 DAYS

79
Q

What is duration of tx for sore throat with 2nd line abx- penicillin allergy?

A

clarithro - 5 days

80
Q

What are 3 scarlet fever symptoms?

A

Flu like - high temp, swollen glands

rash - small, raised bumps

white coating tongue

81
Q

What is chlamydia causative agent?

A

C. trechomatis

82
Q

What is causative agent of UTI?

A

E coli

83
Q

What is 1st line tx for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

84
Q

What is alternative tx for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

85
Q

What is azithromycin dose for chlamydia tx (alternative opt)?

A

1 g OD for 1 day,

then 500 mg once daily for 2 days.

86
Q

What is 1st line abx tx for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Oral metronidazole

87
Q

What is metronidazole dose in bacterial vaginosis options?

A

metronidazole 2g single dose

OR

400-500mg BD for 5 to 7 days

88
Q

What is another topical option for tx of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Topical clindamycin or Metronidazole

89
Q

How long is topical clindamycin tx for BV?

A

7 days

90
Q

How long is topical metronidaxole tx for BV?

A

5 days

91
Q

What is 1st line abx tx for lower UTI in females including duration?

A

Nitrofurantoin OR trimethoprim

3 days

92
Q

What is 1st line abx tx for lower UTI in males including duration?

A

Nitrofurantoin OR trimethoprim

7 days

93
Q

What egfr can you use nitrofurantoin?

A

> 45/ml/min

94
Q

2nd line abx tx for UTI in females if not improved in >48hrs?

A

Fosfomycin, pivmecillinam

95
Q

What is 1st line abx tx for lower UTI in pregnant women + duration?

A

Nitrofurantoin for 7 days

100mg BD

96
Q

What is 2nd line abx tx for lower UTI in pregnant women if nitro doesn’t work + duration?

A

Amoxicillin (only if culture susceptible)

or cefalexin.

97
Q

When to give amoxicillin in UTI in pregnant women?

A

only if culture susceptible

98
Q

What is blood infection called?

A

Sepsis/ septicaemia

99
Q

What are the 5 signs of sepsis?

A

Slurred speech/ confusion

Extremem shivering/ muscle pain

Passing NO urine

Severe breathlessness

It feels like going to die

Skin mottled

100
Q

What is the 2 1st line abxs for CAP?

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin

e.g. piperacillin/ticarcillin

OR

Cephalosporins

101
Q

What is the 1st line abx for HAP?

A

Co amoxiclav

clarithromycin - 2nd line for children if above doesnt work

102
Q

What is the 2st line abxs for HAP for adults?

A

Doxy, cefalexin, co-trimoxazole, levofloxacin

103
Q

What to add if MRSA suspected with HAP?

A

add in vancomycin

104
Q

What is TB caused by?

A

mycobacterium TB + spread via cough + sneeze

105
Q

What is the 4 abx involved in tx of TB?

A

Rifampicin

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

106
Q

How long is initial phase of TB tx?

A

2 months

107
Q

How long is continual phase of TB tx?

A

4 months

108
Q

What is the 5 symptoms of TB?

A

Cough lasting 3+ weeks

Weight loss
Night sweats/fever

Loss appetite

Neck swelling

109
Q

What is one of the TB meds that colour urine red?

A

Rifampicin

110
Q

What should isoniazid be taken with?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

111
Q

What is a counselling point for ethambutol?

A

Report visual deterioration

112
Q

What is a counselling point for pyrazinamide?

A

Report signs of liver disorder

113
Q

Why is isoniazid taken with pyridoxine?

A

Can cause peripheral neuropathy

114
Q

What are 2 counselling points for isoniazid?

A

Report sign of liver disorder

Avoid tyramine + histamine rich foods

115
Q

What is rifampicin + what does it interact with?

A

Enzyme inducer

hormonal contraceptives

116
Q

What happens when rifampicin + oestrogen interact?

A

Reduces oral contraceptive efficacy

117
Q

What are the 3 classes of antifungals?

A

Triazoles

Imidazole

Echinocandin

118
Q

List 4 triazole antifungals?

A

Fluconazole

Itraconazole

Posaconazole

Voriconazole

119
Q

What triazole interacts with antacids to reduce its absorption?

A

Itraconazole

120
Q

Which anti-fungal drug is the only enzyme inducer?

A

Griseofulvin

121
Q

What thing improves itraconazole bioavailability?

A

carbonated drinks, such as cola.

122
Q

What is a known SE with fluconazole?

A

Rash - discontinue tx

123
Q

What are 2 cautions of itraconazole?

A

Heart failure

Hepatotoxicity

124
Q

What are 2 SEs of voriconazole?

A

Photo-toxicity

Hepatotoxicity

125
Q

List 3 echinocandin antifungal drugs?

A

Anidulafungin

caspofungin

micafungin

126
Q

List 5 imidazole anti-fungals?

A

Clotrimazole

Econazole

Ketoconazole

Miconazole

Tioconazole

127
Q

Which Imidazole anti-fungal is hepatotoxic?

A

Ketoconazole

128
Q

What imidazole anti-fungal drug is used for thrush?

A

Clotrimazole

129
Q

What are 3 other antfungals?

A

Griseofulvin

Flucytosine

Terbinafine

130
Q

What is a choice antifungal drug for nail fungal infection?

A

Terbinafine

131
Q

What is a risk of Terbinafine?

A

Hepatotoxicity- esp oral

132
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for Endocarditis (native valve) caused by staphylococci?

A

Flucloxacillin (4 weeks, 6 if lung absess or osteomyelitis)

133
Q

What is 1st line abx treatment for Endocarditis (native valve) caused by staphylococci?

A

Flucloxacillin (4 weeks, 6 if lung absess or osteomyelitis)

134
Q

What is 1st line for acute pyelonephritis?

A

Cefalexin or cipro

If sensitivity known- co amox or trimethoprim

135
Q

What to give children 3 months-59 years old if aetiology unknown for meningitis?

A

Cefotaxime (OR ceftriaxone) + amoxicillin

Add vancomycin if prolonged or multiple use of other antibacterials in last 3 months

136
Q

Duration treatment for meningitis if unknown aetiology ?

A

Suggested duration of treatment at least 10 days

PRE-REG-Thuri (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions