Imp Point About Research I

Question 1

Types of variable:

Answer 1

Cause or independent
Outcome or dependant
Confounding variable (related to both)

Question 2

Types of data:

Answer 2

Categorical (no units) : nominal and ordered
Numberical (units): Discrete (no decimals) and continuous (decimal)

Question 3

Tips for data entry of numerical variables:

Answer 3

• be precise
• only numbers
• keep consistent units
• dont write units
• use basic measurements
• don’t categorize
• only one data element
• use codes for missing data other than leaving them empty

Question 4

Data can be primary or secondary:

Answer 4

Primary: collected from subjects by the investigator
Secondary: collected before the study and recorded

Question 5

Types of samples

Answer 5

• Probability samples orRandom samples
• Non Probability samples

Question 6

Sampling frame

Answer 6

It is list of population with serial numbers

It is necessary to take simple random or systematic sample.

Question 7

Places of data collection

Answer 7

Population based (more generalizable
Hospital (centre) based

Question 8

Primary data collection by

Answer 8

• Questionnaire: mailed/returned, supervised, and other
• Interview: open, guided, phone interview
• measurement records

Question 9

Secondary data colleced by:

Answer 9

Other people not related to the study

Record review

Question 10

Contents of data collection tool

Answer 10

• Administrative items:
Title/ contact info of researcher, explanation, guiding instructions, number of cases, and name and contact info of the case subject
• Study variables

Question 11

Questions must be:

Answer 11

Reflect and illicit only the variables in relation to the study

Confounding and competing factors should be also he included for the purpose of matching

Question 12

What determines the research type

Answer 12

• Field or research
• Research question: PI(E)COT
• Contex of research question: FINER criteria