Family Medicine (Imp) Flashcards
Health care can be:
Preventive: Focus kn future events
And Therapeutic: focus on past and present events, can be curative or paliative
Preventive intervention can be:
Health promotion: less specific and less expensive
Specific protection: more specific, sophisticated and expensive
Ex of health promotion
Health education
Environmental modification
Nutritional interventions
Ex of specific protection
Immunization
Chemoprophylaxis
Screening programs
Specific treatment
At the same time, the intervention could be both therapeutic and preventive (T/F)
T
At the same time, the intervention couldn’t be both at individual or at community level (T/F)
F
It can be both
Healthcare settings
Domiciliary (home)
Ambulatory:
• Primary care (mainly family medicine)
• Emergency care
• Specialty
Inpatient: ward, intensive care, and extended care (Hospic; for palliative care)
PCC or patient-centered care
It is the healthcare process of diagnosis and intervention that makes the patient in the center of decision making
What pcc stand for
Simplify the pcc
It means involving patients in their own treatment, respecting their preferences, and making decisions together for better care.
(Empowering the patient)
Empowerment of the patient includes :
Patient education about the specific condition, health issues and diagnosis and management options.
Primary Care vs. Primary Health Care
Primary care describes a narrower concept of family doctor-type services delivered to individuals.
**Primary Health Care ** is broader term which derives from core principles articulated by the WHO and which describes an approach to health poliand basic health service provision (package of essential services).
Primary care specialities
Family medicine
Primary care internist
Primary care pediatrician
Primary care obstetrician
Basic principles of family practice
• the family physician is a skilled clinician (professional competence)
• family medicine is a community-based discipline
• the family physician is a resource to a defined practice population.
• the continuous patient-physician relationship is central to the role of the family physician (continuing care).
• generalist approach
• care coordination
• patient advocacy
• preventive care
• resource management
Family medicine is community based discipline
Explain, ( just for understanding)
it means that this specialty is deeply rooted in the health needs of the community it serves. Family physicians don’t just treat individual patients—they consider the broader social, economic, and environmental factors affecting health.
- Comprehensive Care – Treating patients of all ages and backgrounds, managing a wide range of conditions.
- Continuity of Care – Building long-term relationships with patients and families.
- Preventive and Public Health Focus – Addressing lifestyle, vaccination, screenings, and health education.
- Community Engagement – Understanding local health challenges and working with public health services to improve overall well-being.
What is going on in family practice
Family physician is versatile, able to deliver a baby, administer an injection or set broken bone, though he or she may choose to refer patients who need procedures to doctors who specialize in performing them.
What family physician can do?
- Evaluation of new complaints.
- Regular evaluation for healthy people (e.g. antenatal care, child health clinic and school health clinic).
- Management of common conditions.
- Follow up of complaints
- Referral to specialists.
- Follow up after referral.
- Minor Surgical procedures
- Coordinating multiple conditions (morbidities) care.
- Counseling.
- Patient advocacy
What are ways that family may influence health of the individual:
• Genetic and disease susceptibility
• Prenatal and perinatal transmission of disease
• Child rearing and nurturing
• Nutrition and lifestyle
• Access to and quality of care
• spread of infectious disease
• outcomes in acute and chronic illness
What is polypharmacy
It is same time use of many drugs
Multiple morbidities are better to be managed by many care providers (T/F)
F
They are dangerous to be managed by many care providers (doctors)
Good coordination and one mastering provider is important
Good coordination for multiple morbidities and one mastering provider is important to avoid :
Delays in diagnosis
Conflicts in diagnosis
Conflicts in management plans
Repetitions in investigations
Interactions of medications.
Extra costs.
The reasons for consultation are:
• to help with a diagnostic puzzle
• to advise on ap specific course of treatment
• to give an opinion on the significance of a test result or physical finding
• or only to reassure the patient
Four key communication tips for good consultation process
- The physician requesting consultation should communicate directly with the consultant. (Writng unless urgency)
- As minimum, the letter requesting consultation should list all the significant problems of the patient. (Enumerate them)
- The reason for the consultation should be explained to the patient
- The consultant shoulf write back promptly, giving his opinion, or referring the physician for another appropriate consultant
What are the four patterns of referral
Interval referral
Collateral referral
Cross-referral
Split referral
What is integrative medicine
It refers to the use of non-medical therapies (non pharmaceutical), usually traditional therapies
What is integrative medicine
It refers to the use of non-medical therapies (non pharmaceutical), usually traditional therapies
Integrative medicine also known as:
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Do not confuse it with alternative medicine, this combination between complementary medicine and alternative medicine
Examples of integrative medicine
Herbal medicine
Advantages of CAM
It proves effective, safe and cost-effective
What is Medicine related problems (MRP
It is a group of adverse events may result from the use of pharmaceutical agents
MRP may result from:
• Doctors (wrong prescription, unclear writing!)
Pharmacist (D
Patient
Medication itself
Accessibility and affordability
MRP may result from:
• Doctors (wrong prescription, unclear writing!)
Pharmacist (Dispensing mistakes, error in instruction)
Patient (poor compliance, ignorance, wrong use)
Medication itself (side effects or ineffective or expired ingredient).
Accessibility and affordability (medication not available or price)
Rational use of medicine
It is the use of pharmaceutical agent in the appropriate dose, form, way and time for the appropriate condition.
Who is responsible for RUM
Doctors, Pharmacist, and patients are all responsible
Finay, how to write good prescription?
• Patient information: name age and dx
• Drug information: generic name (not trade), form, dose, frequency, and tx duration
• Doctor information: name (clear), signature, telephone number (for contact), and syndicate number
• Date
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