immunology 2 Flashcards
what are the cell surface antigens expressed on all cells
human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
what genes are responsible for cell mediated transplant rejection
Class I HLA genes
what genes are responsible for antibody mediated transplant rejection
Class II HLA genes
class II HLA targets of the major histocompatibility complex are only found where
vascular, endothelial and smooth muscle cells
what are the antigen presenting cells?
- macrophages
- dendritic cells
- B cells
what causes a rush of calcium into a CD4 T cell
CD3
the rush of calcium into a CD$ T cell causes what to activate?
calcineurin activation
what are the 3 signals for activation of T lymphocytes
Signal 1. APCs present to antigen to the TCR on CD4+ T cells
Signal 2. costimulation signal must occur between APC and the T cell for the T cell to initiate the activation process
Signal 3. after IL-2 is produced during the activation process it interacts with the CD25 receptor. This speeds up cell cycle and begins monoclonal proliferation
What is a simplistic description of T cell activation signals
- antigen presentation
- costimulation signal
- interaction of IL-2 with IL-2 receptor
What are the 5 types of antibodies
- IgM
- IgG
- IgA
- IgE
- IgD
what is the first antibody to act when an infection is present
IgM
what is the name of the fragment of antigen binding portion of antibodies
FAB region
what is the compliment activating part of an antibody that is located on the “stem” of an antibody
FC portion
what is the only antibody that can cross the placenta
IgG
what antibody is a pentamer that lacks Fc portions
IgM
