colon cancer Flashcards
what are some lifestyle factors that increase the risk of colon cancer
- obesity/ physical inactivity
- alcohol intake
- tobacco use
- type 2 DM
- western diet
what rare autosomal dominant disorder levads to hundreds to thousands of polyps in colon and rectum around age 15
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
what drugs can reduce risk for colon cancer
- NSAIDs
- postmenopausal hormone use
- Calcium and Vit D intake
what are the screening tools for colon cancer and when should they be done
- digital rectal exam (DRE) = annually at age 40
- fecal occult blood test = annual or biannual at age 50
- flexible sigmoidoscopy - every 5 years after 50
- total colonic exam (colonoscopy) - as needed
what is considered to put people at average risk for colon cancer
- 50 or older
- no history of IBD or colorectal cancer
- no family history
what is considered to put people at increased risk for colon cancer
- personal history of adenoma, colorectal cancer, or IBD
2. positive family history
what are the high risk syndromes for colon cancer
- HNPCC
2. polyposis syndromes
when should colonoscopies be given for patients with an average risk of colorectal cancer
at 50 and repeat every 10 years
when should colonoscopies be given for patients with a history of curative intent resected colorectal cancer
colonoscopy in 1 year
when should colonoscopies be given for patients with a history of IBD of colorectal cancer
8-10 years after onset of symptoms
where are the most common sites of metastases
- regional lymph nodes
- liver
- lungs
- peritoneum
what are the poor prognostic factors for colorectal cancer
- stage 3 or 4 disease
- T4 disease
- lymph node involvement
- pre-op CEA greater than 5
- rectal bleeding
- bowel perforation or obstruction
