multiple myeloma

Question 1

what is multiple myeloma

Answer 1

a malignancy of a plasma cell (which is the most mature B lymphocyte)

Question 2

what are the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma

Answer 2

CRAB symptoms
high calcium
renal dysfunction
anemia
bonde pain/ breaks

Question 3

what lab can be used as a marker to stage MM

Answer 3

B2-microglobulin

Question 4

what is the term for injecting cement into a collapsed vertebrae

Answer 4

kyphoplasty

Question 5

what is the maintenance drugs usually used in MM

Answer 5

velcade, dexamethasone, and Revlimid (in place of thalidomide)

Question 6

what are two malignant mechanisms of MM

Answer 6

1. proteasome overexpression decreases apoptosis

2. angiogenesis

Question 7

what proteasome inhibitor reversibly binds to the catalytic core of a proteasome and is used in all stages of MM

Answer 7

Bortezomib (Velcade)

Question 8

what are the important adverse effects of Bortezomib (Velcade)

Answer 8

neuropathy
bone marrow suppression
hypotension

Question 9

what proteasome inhibitor is cardiotoxic and irreversibly binds to proteasomes

Answer 9

carfilzomib (Kyprolis)