Immunoglobulins

Question 0

Immunoglobulins

Answer 0

molecules (as a whole) that bind to antigens

Question 1

antibody

Answer 1

recognize and bind to SPECIFIC antigens

Question 2

affinity

Answer 2

degree of fit b/n Abs and Ags.

strength of binding

Question 3

specificity

Answer 3

Abs bind to specific Ag that stimulated their production

Question 4

cross-react

Answer 4

when Ab binds (@ lower affinity) to Ags other than their original, specific one.

Question 5

neutralization

Answer 5

binds & prevents attachment to cell receptors

Question 6

Structure of Abs

Answer 6

heavy chains (VH, CH1, CH2, CH3)
light chains (VL, CL)

Question 7

Antigen binding site

Answer 7

VH, VL of the Fab fragments

Question 8

Fab

Answer 8

Fragment that Ag binds to. don’t crystalize.
domains = VH, CH1, VL, CL
Does NOT determine Ab function.

Question 9

F(ab’)

Answer 9

both pieces of Fab for one Ab

Question 10

Fc

Answer 10

constant fragment. Ag does NOT bind here. crystallizable.

DOES determine Ab function

Question 11

Classes of Immunoglobulins

Answer 11

IgG, IgE, IgM, IgA, IgD

Question 12

how are immunoglobulin classes determined?

Answer 12

by their heavy chains. (different genes in heavy chain gene complex)

Question 13

IgG

Answer 13

Functions: BCR, Neutrailization, Complement, Opsonization, ADCC
Location: plasma, tissue fluids
Made in: spleen, lymph nodes of skin, & parenchymatous organs
Plasma [ ]: 1000-2000 mg/dL (HIGH)

Question 14

IgM

Answer 14

Function: BCR, Neutralization, Complement
Location: Plasma
Made in:
Plasma [ ]: 50-200 mg/dL (LOWER)

Question 15

IgA

Answer 15

Function: BCR, Neutralization
Location: secretions, plasma
Made in:
Plasma [ ]: 10-150 (LOWER)

Question 16

IgE

Answer 16

Function: BCR, ADCC, Mast cell activation
Location: Mast Cells
Made in:
Plasma [ ]: 1-5 mg/dL (VERY LOW)

Question 17

Functions of Immunoglobulins

Answer 17

1. Ag Receptor (BCR)
2. Neutralization
3. Complement Activation
4. Opsonization
5. ADCC (Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)
6. Mast Cell Activation

Question 18

Antigen Receptor on B cells

Answer 18

IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, (IgD)

Abs on B cell plasma membranes that can be released (except for IgD) into the body once Ags bind. These then go initiate T-cell response

Question 19

Neutralization

Answer 19

IgG, IgM, IgA

bind & prevent attachment to cellular receptors.

• inhibit effect of microbial toxins by blocking binding
• inhibits infectivity of viruses by blocking binding
• inhibits attachment of bacteria, fungi, & protozoa to epithelial cells

Question 20

Complement activation

Answer 20

IgM > IgG

initiates classical pathway of complement activation

1 IgM binds to activate where as multiple IgG must bind to activate

Question 21

Opsonization

Answer 21

IgG&raquo_space; IgM

Ag binds to infectious agent and to receptors on phagocytes (Fc receptors) to enhance phagocytosis

Question 22

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Answer 22

IgG, IgE

when pathogens are too lg. to be internalized by 1 phagocyte, FcRs bind to IgG on pathogen & release lysosomal enzymes & ROI onto pathogen surface.

Eosinophils participate.

Question 23

Mast Cell Activation

Answer 23

IgE

Ag binding to IgE on mast cells activate them & they release granules. works to our disadvantage when it reacts to allergens.

Question 24

Antiserum, antisera

Answer 24

serum taken from animal that was actively immunized for particular antigen

Question 25

antitoxin

Answer 25

antiserum produced to neutralize a toxin

Question 26

antivenim

Answer 26

antiserum produced to neutralize snake venom

Question 27

polyclonal response

Answer 27

many clones of B-cells producing antibodies that react with many epitopes.
serum taken from diff. animals may be diff

Question 28

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 28

1. derived from single clone of B cells & react w/ single epitope
2. can be produced more consistently & cleanly
3. can be fragmented & only the Fab region used to diminish Ab response

Question 29

problems with passive immunization

Answer 29

1. Immunoglobulins are proteins.
2. proteins are good antigens.
3. Immunoglobulins from 1 species given repeatedly to animals of diff. species induce Abs (antiglobulins) that reduce their effectiveness as therapeutic agents.

Question 30

Preventable Fraction

Answer 30

1-(% Vaccinates Affected/% Controls Affected)

Question 31

Prevention of infection

Answer 31

products able to PREVENT all colonization or replication of challenge organism

Question 32

prevention of disease

Answer 32

products highly effective in preventing clinical disease

Question 33

aid in disease prevention

Answer 33

products shown to prevent disease by a clinically significant amt that’s less than that required to prevent disease

Question 34

aid in disease control

Answer 34

products that alleviate disease severity, reduce disease duration, or delay disease onset.

Question 35

other claims (on vaccine labels)

Answer 35

products w/ beneficial effects other than disease control

Question 36

Forces responsible for Ab binding to epitope

Answer 36

electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic forces

Question 37

IgA transport across membrane

Answer 37

1. Binding of IgA to receptor on basolateral face of epithelial cell
2. Endocytosis
3. Transcytosis of apical face of epithelial cell
4. Release of IgA dimer at apical face of epithelial cell.