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Hypersensitivity Mechanisms Flashcards

0
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Immune Reactant

A

IgG

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1
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Immune reactant

A

IgE

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2
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Reactant

A

IgG

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3
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Immune Reactants

A

Th1, Th2, CTL

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4
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

A

immediate response

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5
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Later response

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6
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Antigens

A

soluble antigens

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7
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Antigens

A

~Cell or matrix associated antigen

~Cell-surface antigen

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8
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Antigens

A

Soluble Ags

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9
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Antigens (& associated Immune Reactants)

A 
Th1 = soluble Ag
Th2 = soluble Ag
CTL = cell-associated Ag
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10
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism

A

Mast-cell activation

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11
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism for cell- or matrix-associated Ags

A

Complement, FcR+ cells (phagocytes, NK cells)

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12
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism for cell-surface receptors

A

Ab alter signaling

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13
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism

A

Complement & phagocytes

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14
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism for Th1

A

Macrophage activation

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15
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism for Th2

A

IgE production, eosinophil activation, mastocytosis

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16
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Effector Mechanism for CTL

A

Cytotoxicity

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17
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction Examples

A

allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema,

18
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction Examples

A

~Some drug allergies (penicillin)

~chronic urticaria (Ab against FceRI alpha chain)

19
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction Examples

A

serum sickness, Arthus reaction

20
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction Examples

A 
Th1 = Allergic contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction
Th2 = Chronic asthma,
CTL = graft rejection, poison ivy reaction
21
Q

Hypersensitivity Types represent..

A

altered sensitivity or a sensitivity to harmless or innocuous Ags

22
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions result from…

A

adaptive immune response

23
Q

When do hypersensitivity reactions occur?

A

AFTER animal is 1st ‘sensitized’ to offending Ag.

24
Q

Type I Antigens are also called…

25
Q

Allergen delivery

A

~ @ low doses across mucosal surfaces

~ percutaneously (insect bite)

26
Q

Type I Sensitization

A

~occurs in mucosal tissues where IgE is made

~IgE sensitizes mast cells & basophils by binding to their Fce-receptor

27
Q

Type I Damage Mechanisms

A

~mast cell activation causes damage because it releases histamine, prostaglandins, & leukotrienes
~no new IgE synthesis needed

28
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity Characteristics

A
  • rapid onset
  • microvascular response
  • mucosal responses: ^ mucus secretion & sm. m. contraction
  • no leukocytes accumulation
29
Q

Late-Phase Reaction (LPR)

A

~delayed onset (3+ hours) in SOME people/animals

30
Q

Late-Phase Reaction (LPR) mechanism

A

mast cell cytokines recruit leukocytes to region

31
Q

Significance of Late-Phase Response (LPR)

A
  1. Antihistamines are ineffective against LPR

2. Presence of LPR is associated with more severe reactions

32
Q

Chronic Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction Examples

A

~Canine Atopic Dermatitis
~Anaphylaxix
~Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)

33
Q

Chronic Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction Mechanisms

A

Th1, Th2, Tgamma-delta, eosinophils, & macrophages infiltrate inflamed tissues (TYPE I + TYPE IV)

34
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

~systemic form of Type I Hypersensitivity
~Mild = generalized edema
~Severe = systemic hypotension & collapse
~respiratory tract affected (lung edema)

35
Q

Canine Atopic Dermatitis

A

~allergens inhaled, ingested, &/or absorbed percutaneously
~lesions location = paws, axillary, inguinal area & face
~can coexist with Type IV

36
Q

Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)

AKA…

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

37
Q

Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) affects

A

alveolar walls.

38
Q

Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) Ags

A

mold spores from dust or molds in stalls/barns

39
Q

How do you ID offending Ags in Type 1?

A

~Intradermal Skin Testing

~Serologic test based on ELISA for IgE only

40
Q

Intradermal Skin Testing

A

~intradermal injection of potential allergens => Mast cell activation via IgE:Ag binding => QUICK inflammatory reaction of swelling/redness

41
Q

Immunotherapy for Type I Hypersensitivity

A

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT) = hyposensitization = desensitization

42
Q

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT) Mechanism

A

administering increasing doses of allergen over time

Immunology (19 decks)

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