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Immunology > B-Lymphocytes > Flashcards

B-Lymphocytes Flashcards

0
Q

BCR complex includes

A

BCR protein + CD79

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1
Q

BCR is…

A

membrane bound Ig that B cell releases when activated

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2
Q

CD79 function

A

signaling when Ags bind to membrane bound Ig

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3
Q

CD79 made of..

A

Ig-alpha and Ig-beta

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4
Q

Ig variable region genes form by

A

chromosomal rearrangements

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5
Q

Difference between B & T cell differentiation

A

Variable region mutations in B cells occur after activation.

T cells don’t have mutations in variable regions.

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6
Q

B-Cell Maturation occurs in

A

primary lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

primary lymphoid tissues

A

cloacal bursa, ileal Peyer’s patches, etc.

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8
Q

B-cell precursors made in

A

bone marrow & migrate

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9
Q

B-cell Maturation process

A
  1. Rearrange Ig variable region genes
  2. Express surface for of IgM
  3. Immature B cell tested for self-reactivity
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10
Q

Process of variable region gene rearrangement

A

Heavy chains rearrange 1st then light chains (either kappa or mu)

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11
Q

If immature B cells is self-reactive,

A

it may rearrange variable region genes again to test different Ig.
and then if STILL self-reactive, it dies!

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12
Q

If immature B cell isn’t self-reactive,

A

it co-expresses IgD & becomes a mature, naive B cell

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13
Q

B-Cell responses to Ags

A

Signal 1: Recognition
Signal 2: Activation
Signal 3:

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14
Q

B cell recognition

A

occurs without processing.

DIRECT recognition

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15
Q

Follicular DCs and macrophages

A

may hold Ags on their surfaces for B cell recognition BUT aren’t associated with MHC molecules

16
Q

B-cell Activation Signals

A

delivered by Tfh cells using cell-cell contact & cytokines

17
Q

B-cell’s respond to Ag in

A

SECONDARY lymphoid tissues

18
Q

Tfh cytokines

A

activate B-cells & stimulate synthesis & secretion of Abs

19
Q

T-independent Ags

A

Ags that deliver both recognition and activation signals.

repetitive ags that tend to have PAMP-like things incorporated in them (ie. LPS)

20
Q

T-Independent Ags do NOT induce:

A
  • Class switching (only IgM made)

- Somatic Mutations (Ab affinity doesn’t increase during immune response)

21
Q

Effect of B-cell activation

A

B-cells proliferate, variable regions of Ig genes undergo somatic mutation, class switching occurs,

22
Q

B Cell Proliferation occurs

A

in the germinal center

also called Germinal Center Reaction

23
Q

Result of B cell proliferation

A

formation of secondary lymphoid follicles with germinal centers

24
Q

Somatic Hypermutation

A

rapid mutations in variable region genes of proliferating B-cells

25
Q

Effect of Somatic Hypermutation

A

changed affinity of BCR for antigen

26
Q

Somatic Hypermutation to lower affinity

A

cells don’t compete well for available Ag.

eventually die because they don’t bind to Ag

27
Q

Somatic Hypermutation resulting in higher affinity

A

compete effectively for available Ag.

Present Ag to Tfh cells, receive activation signals, proliferate and differentiate.

28
Q

Affinity Maturation

A

the selection process, that over time, increases the affinity of BCR & antibodies

29
Q

Class Switching

A

switching of Ag classes made during B-cell proliferation instead of the IgM that is initially expressed in mature B-cells

cell cuts off IgM gene via chromosomal rearrangement

DOES NOT change affinity b/c variable region genes don’t change

30
Q

B-Cell differentiation

A

become (1) plasma cells or (2) memory cells

31
Q

plasma cells

A

leave germinal center & secrete large quantities of Abs

32
Q

memory B-cells

A
  • remain in body for long periods of time
  • lots have higher affinity for Ag than the first ones activated
  • lots have class switched to IgG, IgA, IgE
33
Q

Class Switching controlled by..

A

cytokines!

34
Q

IL-4 induces…

A

IgE switching.

IgE involved in allergic reactions

35
Q

What occurs when there is a high concentration of Ab in body?

A

plasma B-cells stop making & secreting Abs

36
Q

plasma cell differentiation

A

doesn’t completely occur in germinal centers

37
Q

Plasma Cell’s homes

A

medullary cords, red pulp, lamina propria, bone marrow (particularly IgG secreting ones)

Immunology (19 decks)

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