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Immunology > Antigen Processing & Presenting > Flashcards

Antigen Processing & Presenting Flashcards

0
Q

Qualifications to be a professional Ag-presenting cell

A
  1. Express MHC II
  2. Present Ag to CD4 T-cells
  3. Activate CD4 T-cells
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1
Q

Professional Ag-Presenting Cells

A

ONLY use MHC II

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2
Q

Types of Professional Ag-Presenting Cells

A

Myeloid Dendritic Cells (DCs)
Macrophages
B-cells

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3
Q

Types of Dendritic Cells

A
  1. Myeloid

2. Follicular

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4
Q

Function of Myeloid Dendritic Cells

A

capture Ags & present to CD4 cells

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5
Q

Location of Myeloid Dendritic Cells

A

diffuse lymphoid, connective tissue, epithelia

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6
Q

Function of Follicular Dendritic Cells

A

retain Ags for B cells

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7
Q

T-cell & dendritic cell interactions

A

T-cells sample the Ags DCs present to see if the DCs have something the T-cells can respond to.

they are NOT just idly sitting around waiting for things to “bump” into them.

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8
Q

Methods of Getting Exogenous Antigens

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

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9
Q

After the Ag has been internalized by an Ag-specific B-cell and fragmented, it…

A

is presented on the membrane at a HIGH density.

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10
Q

Ag pathway with M cells

A

M cells endocytose and phagocytose Ag and transport it across cell for release at basal surface where Ag binds to DCs that then go activate T-cells

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11
Q

Antigenic peptide (T cell epitope)

A

only one side of the peptide chain is presented to the T-cell

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12
Q

TCR contacts…

A

Ag and MHC molecule.

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13
Q

Why is MHC an important determinant of transplant tissue success?

A

Each MHC molecule has different conformities (b/c of polymorphism) than the resident T-cells normally see, SO the T-cells view them as Ags.

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14
Q

“Non-professional” APCs…

A

can be induced to express MHC II by exposure to cytokines like IFN-gamma

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15
Q

Myeloid Dendritic Cells Ag uptake (exogenous Ags)

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

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16
Q

Macrophages present Ags primarily to…

A

effector CD4 and CD8

memory CD4 and CD8

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17
Q

B Lymphocyte Ag uptake (exogenous Ag)

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

18
Q

Myeloid Dendritic Cells present Ag primarily to…

A

naive CD4 & CD8
effector CD4 & CD8
memory CD4 & CD8

19
Q

Macrophage Antigen uptake (exogenous Ag)

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

20
Q

B Lymphocytes present Ags primarily to…

A

effector CD4 Tfh

memory CD4 Tfh

21
Q

Activated Myeloid DCs…

A

Langerhans cells (DCs) uptake Ag in skin & leave it to enter lymphatic system. The mature Langerhans enters lymph node & transfers Ags to resident DCs. B7-positive DCs stimulate naive T-cells

22
Q

Dendritic Cells Activated by…

A

PAMPs, DAMPs, IL-1, TNF-a, IFN-a, IFN-beta

23
Q

Activated DCs actions =

A
  • migrate to diffuse lymphoid tissues
  • present Ag to T-cells (signal 1)
  • deliver signal 2 to T-cells
  • deliver signal 3 to T-cells
24
Q

Adjuvants in vaccines

A

enhance immune response

25
Q

How do adjuvants enhance the immune response?

A
  • enhance presentation of Ags to Helper T-cells
  • induce inflammation
  • depot effect
26
Q

How do adjuvants induce inflammation?

A

incorporate PAMPs, mimic DAMPs, and have irritant properties

27
Q

What is the depot effect?

A

Ag retained at inoculation site and released slowly

28
Q

Effect of the depot effect

A

lymphocyte stimulation is prolonged resulting in a stronger immune response.

29
Q

Dendritic cell MHC expression

A

low on immature DCs

high on DCs in lymphoid tissue

30
Q

DC location

A

throughout the body

31
Q

Effect of Ag uptake by DCs

A

activation of naive T-cells

32
Q

Macrophage MHC expression

A

inducible by bacteria & cytokines

33
Q

Macrophage location

A

lymphoid tissue, connective tissue, body cavities

34
Q

Effect of Ag uptake & MHC expression on Macrophages

A

macrophage activation

35
Q

B cell Ag uptake

A

Ag-specific receptors (immunoglobulins)

36
Q

B-cell MHC expression

A

constitutive and increases on activation

37
Q

B-cell location

A

lymphoid tissue

peripheral blood flow

38
Q

Effect of Ag uptake and MHC expression

A

delivery of help (Tfh) to B-cell

39
Q

MHC I loading of endogenous Ags

A

peptides transported to rER

40
Q

MHC II loading of exogenous ags

A

phagosome fuses with vesicles containing MHC II molecules

41
Q

Endogenous antigenic peptides formed by…

A

proteasomes in cytoplasm break down the Ag proteins

42
Q

Exogenous antigenic peptides formed by…

A

phagosomal & lysosomal enzymes break down Ag proteins

Immunology (19 decks)

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