Blood Group Antigens

Question 0

Natural Abs

“isoantibodies”

Answer 0

Antibodies to blood group antigens

• preformed Abs w/ no prior exposure/not expressed
• usually low affinity, IgM Abs.
• NOT common in domestic animals

Question 1

Blood Group Antigen characteristics

Answer 1

• membrane antigens
• usually polysaccharaides
• complex inheritance
• multiple systems in ea. species

Question 2

Canine Blood Group Most Important Ag.

Answer 2

DEA 1.1

Question 3

What is DEA 1.1 the most important for?

Answer 3

it is most important for transfusion reactions.

Question 4

How many Dog Erythrocytes Antigens (DEA) are there?

Answer 4

8 systems. DEA is the most important one

Question 5

DEA 1.1 frequency

Answer 5

33-45%

Question 6

DEA 1.1 antigenicity

Answer 6

high

Question 7

DEA 1.1 tests

Answer 7

in-clinic kit

Question 8

DEA 1.1 Test involves

Answer 8

a card test with 3 spots for blood drops. there is a control for agglutination

Question 9

what causes DEA 1.1 card test to not work?

Answer 9

if it agglutinates in the control spot

Question 10

DEA 1.1+ => DEA 1.1+ reaction

DEA 1.1- => DEA 1.1- reaction

Answer 10

matched reaction!

Question 11

DEA 1.1- => DEA 1.1+ reaction

Answer 11

reaction unlikely

Question 12

DEA 1.1+ => DEA 1.1- reaction

Answer 12

1st Reaction: sensitization likely

2nd Reaction: reaction likely!

Question 13

During the first reaction of DEA 1.1 + => - what does the body do?

Answer 13

start making Abs & blood cells start dying within a week!!

Question 14

Feline Blood Group Ags

Answer 14

Type A, Type B, Type AB

Question 15

Type A Feline Blood Group Antigens

Answer 15

genetically dominant type. if one parent is A, then all kids will be As.

common in USA

Question 16

Type B Feline Blood Group Antigens

Answer 16

Rare in the USA

occur in certain breeds.

Question 17

Type AB Feline Blood Group Antigens

Answer 17

NOT heterozygotes

RARE!! (<1%)

Question 18

Type A Feline Blood Gp Ag. Isoantibodies

Answer 18

weak, IgM, IgG, anti-B, low titer

Question 19

Type B Feline Blood Gp. Ag. Isoantibodies

Answer 19

strong, IgM, anti-A, high titers

Question 20

Tests for feline blood gp Ags.

Answer 20

in-clinic kits for all types

Question 21

What does Feline Blood Gp. Ag test look like if patient is AB?

Answer 21

BOTH type A and type B parts agglutinate.

Question 22

When is there a severe reaction to feline blood transfusions?

Answer 22

when A or AB are given to a B cat

Question 23

How severe is the reaction when A/AB is given to B cat?

Answer 23

1mL is enough to kill a cat

Question 24

What happens when B/AB are given to an A cat?

Answer 24

a mild reaction is possible at first.

Question 25

Blood Transfusion Reaction Mechanisms

Answer 25

• Immune-mediated: type II hypersensitivity

- Non-immune Mediated

Question 26

Type II Hypersensitivity for Blood Transfusion Reactions

Answer 26

• Complement mediated (ESP if IgM is present)
• Macrophage-mediated: spleen, liver, bn marrow
• Agglutination
• Coagulation System Activation

Question 27

Coagulation System Activation

Answer 27

• occlude small vessels

- inflammatory reactions also occur systemically

Question 28

What happens in non-immune mediated blood transfusion reactions?

Answer 28

bad things happen

ie. in blood storage

Question 29

How do we prevent blood transfusion reactions?

Answer 29

type all donors and all recipients

also cross-match

Question 30

Major Cross-Matching tests for

Answer 30

Ab in the recipient via the recipient’s serum with donor’s RBCs

Question 31

Minor Cross-Matching tests for

Answer 31

Abs in the donor via recipients RBCs with donor’s plasma

Question 32

How do we prevent blood transfusion reactions in dogs specifically?

Answer 32

use DEA 1.1-negative blood for transfusions