immunizing drugs and pandemic preparedness Flashcards
immune response
-antigens are foreign proteins from invader
- info is stored in memory bank of immune system so the body can fight it off again
antibodies
molecules with antigen specific amino acid sequences
active immunization
- artificial active: body is clinically exposed to harmless form of antigen
- natural active: person acquires immunity from surviving the disease and producing antibodies
artificial immunization
- body is exposed to harmless form of antigen
- immune system is stimulated and remembers antigen
- antigen doesn’t cause full blown infection
passive immunization
administration of serum or concentrated immunoglobulins
- bypasses the host immune system
natural passive immunization
from mother to infant through breast milk or bloodstream via placenta
- temporary protection (weeks-> months)
biological antimicrobial drugs
- prevent, treat or cure infectious diseases aka biologicals
- antitoxins
- antisera
- toxoids and vaccines (aka immunizing biologicals and vaccines target a particular infectious MO)
toxoids
- antigenic preparations of bacterial exotoxins
- detoxified with chemicals or heat
-stimulate the immune system to produce a specific antibody (artificial active) - protect against future exposures
vaccines
- suspension of live, attenuated or killed MO that stimulate the production of antibodies against the antigen
- slight alterations in bacteria and viruses prevent the injected person form contracting the disease
- stim antigens
vaccinations with live viruses
lifelong immunity
covid vaccines
mRNA: pfizer and moderna
- annual booster
- immunocompromised may need more
influenza vaccine
- given each fall based on prediction of variant of virus prevalent that year
-all ppl older than 6 months - quadrivalent flu vax for ppl >65
vaccinations with killed virus
partial immunity. booster shots needed ex: influenza and pneumonia vaccines
hep B vaccine
inactivated: recombivax HB, engerix-B contains HBsAg
- promotes active immunity to hep B infections in persons considered high risk for exposure to hep B
- recommended for all children, adults with diabetes and health care professionals
tetanus immunoglobulin
tetanus: toxins from bacteria attack the nervous system causing painful muscle spasms, breathing difficulty, seizures, speech and memory problems, death
- lives in dirt, soil, manure, human stool
- enters body through open cut, wound, animal bites
- given as prophylaxis for ppl with tetanus prone wounds
adverse effects
minor: fever, rash, soreness, urticaria, arthritis, adenopathy. treat w/ acetaminophen and rest
severe: temp >39.4, encephalitis, convulsions, anaphylaxis, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathy, shock, unconsciousness, cyanosis
serious or unusual reactions
serum sickness
report to CAEFISS
pandemic influenza
highly infectious outbreak of influenza that spreads rapidly around the world with serous consequences
pandemic preparedness
- global planning to monitor and coordinate activities with a pandemic is identified
- provincial and national and territorial
2 goals of pandemic preparedness
minimize illness and death
minimize societal disruption associated with pandemic
pandemic preparedness includes
prevention strategies, guidelines for planned activities, surveillance, vaccines, antivirals, health services, public health measure, communication
pandemic response
roles of health care providers
coordination of post pandemic response
pandemic planning
- inpatient areas are key
- capacity planning, staff, triage, equipment and supplies, space to accommodate clients, systems to respond to pandemic event
triple threat (pandemic influenza)
- increased demand for services
- reduced workforce
- potential disruption of supply chain
