immunizing drugs and pandemic preparedness

Question 1

immune response

Answer 1

-antigens are foreign proteins from invader
- info is stored in memory bank of immune system so the body can fight it off again

Question 2

antibodies

Answer 2

molecules with antigen specific amino acid sequences

Question 3

active immunization

Answer 3

• artificial active: body is clinically exposed to harmless form of antigen
• natural active: person acquires immunity from surviving the disease and producing antibodies

Question 4

artificial immunization

Answer 4

• body is exposed to harmless form of antigen
• immune system is stimulated and remembers antigen
• antigen doesn’t cause full blown infection

Question 5

passive immunization

Answer 5

administration of serum or concentrated immunoglobulins
- bypasses the host immune system

Question 6

natural passive immunization

Answer 6

from mother to infant through breast milk or bloodstream via placenta
- temporary protection (weeks-> months)

Question 7

biological antimicrobial drugs

Answer 7

• prevent, treat or cure infectious diseases aka biologicals
• antitoxins
• antisera
• toxoids and vaccines (aka immunizing biologicals and vaccines target a particular infectious MO)

Question 8

toxoids

Answer 8

• antigenic preparations of bacterial exotoxins
• detoxified with chemicals or heat
  -stimulate the immune system to produce a specific antibody (artificial active)
• protect against future exposures

Question 9

vaccines

Answer 9

• suspension of live, attenuated or killed MO that stimulate the production of antibodies against the antigen
• slight alterations in bacteria and viruses prevent the injected person form contracting the disease
• stim antigens

Question 10

vaccinations with live viruses

Answer 10

lifelong immunity

Question 10

covid vaccines

Answer 10

mRNA: pfizer and moderna
- annual booster
- immunocompromised may need more

Question 10

influenza vaccine

Answer 10

• given each fall based on prediction of variant of virus prevalent that year
  -all ppl older than 6 months
• quadrivalent flu vax for ppl >65

Question 10

vaccinations with killed virus

Answer 10

partial immunity. booster shots needed ex: influenza and pneumonia vaccines

Question 11

hep B vaccine

Answer 11

inactivated: recombivax HB, engerix-B contains HBsAg
- promotes active immunity to hep B infections in persons considered high risk for exposure to hep B
- recommended for all children, adults with diabetes and health care professionals

Question 12

tetanus immunoglobulin

Answer 12

tetanus: toxins from bacteria attack the nervous system causing painful muscle spasms, breathing difficulty, seizures, speech and memory problems, death
- lives in dirt, soil, manure, human stool
- enters body through open cut, wound, animal bites
- given as prophylaxis for ppl with tetanus prone wounds

Question 13

adverse effects

Answer 13

minor: fever, rash, soreness, urticaria, arthritis, adenopathy. treat w/ acetaminophen and rest
severe: temp >39.4, encephalitis, convulsions, anaphylaxis, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathy, shock, unconsciousness, cyanosis

Question 14

serious or unusual reactions

Answer 14

serum sickness
report to CAEFISS

Question 15

pandemic influenza

Answer 15

highly infectious outbreak of influenza that spreads rapidly around the world with serous consequences

Question 16

pandemic preparedness

Answer 16

• global planning to monitor and coordinate activities with a pandemic is identified
• provincial and national and territorial

Question 17

2 goals of pandemic preparedness

Answer 17

minimize illness and death
minimize societal disruption associated with pandemic

Question 18

pandemic preparedness includes

Answer 18

prevention strategies, guidelines for planned activities, surveillance, vaccines, antivirals, health services, public health measure, communication

Question 19

pandemic response

Answer 19

roles of health care providers
coordination of post pandemic response

Question 20

pandemic planning

Answer 20

• inpatient areas are key
• capacity planning, staff, triage, equipment and supplies, space to accommodate clients, systems to respond to pandemic event

Question 21

triple threat (pandemic influenza)

Answer 21

• increased demand for services
• reduced workforce
• potential disruption of supply chain

Question 22

pandemic influenza responses

Answer 22

• mass vaccination
• antivirals
• communication
• maintenance of health services if possible
• surveillance (international/national/provincial/local)
• stockpiling supplies
  -public health measures and control
• personal preparedness