Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nurs 252 > Antiepileptic drugs > Flashcards

Antiepileptic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between seizures, convulsion and epilepsy

A
  • Seizures: Brief episode of electricity in the nerves of the brain which may or may not cause convulsions
  • Convulsions: Involuntary contractions(spasms)
  • Epilepsy: Chronic, recurrent pattern of seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary epilepsy

A

Idiopathic roughly 50% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary Epilepsy

A

Symptomatic of a distinct cause (trauma, infection,cerbrovascular disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classification of epilepsy

A

Generalized, Focal onset seizures and unclassified seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Generalized seizures

A
  • Both hemispheres, tonic (stiffening)-clonic(jerking) seizures and atonic (weaking of the muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 phases of a seizure

A
  1. prodrone
  2. ictal
  3. post ictal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Focal onset seizure

A

Occurs when people are awake and orientated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What status epilepticus

A

Seizure that last 5 min or longer causing a hypotension, hypoxia, brain damage, and possibly death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F Status epilepticus is not a medical emergency

A

F it is a medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of status epilepticus

A

Diazepam is choice for immediate treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drugs are good with seizure control and toxicity

A
  • Serum concentrations of phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and primidone correlate better with seizure control and toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drugs are bad with seizure control and toxicity

A

Valproic acid, ethosuximide and clonazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antiepileptic drugs traditionally used to manage seizure disorder

A

Barbiturates
Hydantoins
Iminostilbenes plus valproic acid
Second- and third-generation antiepileptics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indications of antiepileptic

A
  • Prevention or control of seizure activity
  • Long-term maintenance therapy for chronic, recurring seizures
  • Acute treatment of convulsions and status epilepticus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA of antiepileptic

A

decrease nerve impulses or increases GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmacological effects

A

Reduce nerves ability to be stimulated, suppress transmission of impulse, decrease speed of impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adverse effects of phenytoin (long term)

A

May cause hyperplasia, acne, hirsutism, and Dilantin facies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contraindication of antiepileptic drugs

A

Drug allergy, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contraindications of dilantin

A

Spinal malformation such as spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interactions of phenytoin

A

Warfarin (increase bleeding),

21
Q

Interactions of carbamazepine

A

Increase metabolism of acetominophen

22
Q

Valproic acid interactions

A

Aspirin displaces valproic acid from protein binding to increase levels and toxic risk

23
Q

Drug monitoring is required for which drugs

A

Phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, carbamazepine

24
Q

Ex of barbitues

A

phenobarbital and primidone

25
Q

Most common adverse effects of phenobarbital and primidone

A

Sedation

26
Q

Serum drug levels of phenobarbital and primidone

A

15-40 mcg/mL

27
Q

Contraindications of phenobarbital and primidone

A

known drug allergy, porphyria, liver or kidney impairment, respiratory illness

28
Q

Hydantoins Ex

A

phenytoin sodium

29
Q

Long term therapy adverse effects of phenytoin sodium

A

lethargy, ataxia, mental confusion, gingival hyperplasia, acne, hirsutism, Dilantin facies, and osteoporosis (long term)

30
Q

Therapeutic drug levels of phenytoin sodium

A

10-20 mcg/mL

31
Q

How should phenytoin sodium IV be given

A

Diluted in normal saline and prepared with a filter

32
Q

Which drug causes an autoinduction (creation of more) of hepatic enzymes

A

carbamazepine (Tegretol®)

33
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

34
Q

ethosuximide adverse effects

A

GI and CNS effects

35
Q

Ex of miscellaneous drugs

A

gabapentin, lamotrigine, Valproic acid, levetiracetam, pregabalin

36
Q

MOA of gabapentin

A

Increases the synthesis and accumulation of GABA inhibiting brain activity

37
Q

what is lamotrigine used for

A

prevent epilepsy and also treatment of bipolar disorder
- can be used in pregnancy

38
Q

lamotrigine common adverse effects

A

: relatively minor CNS and GI symptoms and possible Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
- DRESS: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.

39
Q

Valproic acid uses

A

prevent eplipsy and used for absence and myoclonic seizures

40
Q

What happens if valproic acid is given with aspirin

A

Increases levels of valproic acid

41
Q

Valproic acid common adverse effects

A

Weight gain and hair loss

42
Q

levetiracetam is used for

A

Adjunct therapy for focal seizures with and without secondary generalization. and well tolerated

43
Q

pregabalin MOA

A

Is related to GABA and prevents activity of the brain

44
Q

pregabalin uses

A

adjunct therapy for neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia

45
Q

When to take oral drugs of antiepileptic

A

Same time each day

46
Q

T or F do not take Antiepileptic Drugs with meals and fluid

A

False take with meals and at least 180-240 ml of fluid

47
Q

What fluids should you not take with Antiepileptic Drugs:

A

juice, milk and carbonated beverages

48
Q

What should you not take with carbamazepine

A

Grapejuice

nurs 252 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions