Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nurs 252 > Fluids and electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Total body water percentage: intracellular

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Total body water percentage: interstitial

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Total body water percentage: plasma volume

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of an adult human is water

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is intravascular fluid

A

Fluid inside blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is extravascular fluid

A

Fluid outside of the blood vessels like lymph or cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What comprises of extravascular volume

A

Plasma, interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

fluid in space between cells, tissue and organs(outside the blood vessel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What comprises of Extracellular volume

A

interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Value of the osmotic pressure

A

24 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do the plasma proteins effect the osmotic pressure

A

The proteins cause a gradient in the blood to pull water into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osmotic pressure AKA…

A

colloid oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of pressure does Interstitial fluid exert and why

A

Exerts hydrostatic pressure. Which is pressure exert onto the blood vessel by the volume outside the blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Value of interstitial fluid

A

17 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are crystalloids

A

Solutions (without protein) containing fluids and electrolytes normally not found in the body. Carries no risk for viral transmission, anaphylaxis or alteration in coagulation profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Use of Crytalloids

A

To treat dehydration and maintenance for..
- Fluid loss
- replacement of fluids
- manage fluid and electrolyte disturbance
- Promote urinary flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of crystalloids (6)

A
  • Normal saline 0.9% isotonic or sodium chloride (0.45% hypotonic)
  • 3.3% dextrose with 0.3% normal saline (isotonic)
  • Hypertonic saline 3% sodium chloride
  • Lactated ringers solution(Isotonic)
  • Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)(Isotonic)
  • D5W and 0.45% normal saline (hypertonic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indications of crystalloids

A

Acute liver failure
Acute nephrosis
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Burns
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Hypoproteinemia
Hemodialysis
Deep vein thrombosis (reduction of risk)
Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adverse effects of crystalloids

A
  • May cause edema
  • May dilute plasma proteins reducing the colloid (osmotic) pressure
  • effects may be short lived and can cause alkalosis or acidosis
  • contraindicated in hypervolemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Colloids

A

Protein substance. Adding these increase colloid (osmotic) pressure increasing the movement of fluid into the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of of colloids

A
  • Albumin 5% and 25% (from human donors)
  • Dextran 40 or 70 (available in sodium chloride and 5% dextrose
  • Hetastarch (synthetic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adverse effects of colloids

A
  • Often safe but may cause altered coagulation
  • Have no clotting factors or oxygen carrying capacity
  • Dextran may cause anaphylaxis or kidney failure (rarely)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is albumin

A

Generates approximately 70% of colloid oncotic pressure.
pasteurized solution made from pooled blood, plasma, serum or placentas obtained from healthy human donors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are blood products

A

Is the only class that increases tissue oxygenation, increase plasma volume and are most expensive and least available fluid because they require human donors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Types of blood products
- Cryoprecipitate and plasma protein factors - Fresh frozen plasma - Packed red blood cells - Whole blood
26
Indication of cryoprecipitate and plasma protein factors
Management of acute bleeding. For people with clotting issues
27
Fresh frozen plasma indication
Increases clotting factor levels
28
Packed red blood cells indication
To increase oxygen carrying capacity or those who have lost up to 25% of their total blood volume
29
Whole blood indications
For those who have lost more than 25% of the total blood volume as it also contain proteins, drawing back fluid into the blood vessels from surrounding fluids
30
Adverse effects of blood products
Incompatibility with recipients immune system, cross match testing, transfusion reaction, anaphylaxis, transmission of pathogens
31
Electrolytes for extracellular fluid
Sodium
32
Electrolytes for intracellular fluids
Potassium
33
Potassium lab values
3.5-5.0 mmol/L
34
Where is potassium excreted
Excreted in the kidneys
35
Value of hyperkalemia
potassium over 5.5 mmol/L
36
causes of hyperkalemia
Potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, kidney failure, excessive loss from cells, potassium sparing diuretics, burns, trauma, metabolic acidosis and infections
37
Hypokalemia value
potassium level of less than 3.5 mmol/L
38
Causes of hypokalemia
Alkalosis, corticosteroids, diarrhea, ketoacidosis, hyperaldosteronism, increases secretion of mineralocorticoids, burns, thiazide and loop diuretics, vomiting, malabsorption
39
When shouldnt one take digoxin
Taking digoxin when one has hypokalemia can cause digoxin toxicity resulting in ventricular dysrhythmias
40
What is potassium responsible for?
- Muscle contraction - Transmission of nerve impulses - Regulation of heartbeat - Maintenance of acid and base balance - Isotonicity - Electrodynamic characteristics of the cell
41
Indication of potassium
- Depletion of potassium - Stop irregular heartbeats - Management of tachydysrhythmias that may occur after cardiac surgery
42
Adverse effects of oral preparations of potassium
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration
43
Adverse effects of IV administration of potassium
Pain at injection site and phlebitis (inflammation of pain near the skin)
44
What happens if one give too much potassium
Hyperkalemia, toxic effects, cardiac arrest
45
Hyperkalemia manifestation
Muscle weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, cardiac rhythm irregularities
46
Treatment of severe hyperkalemia
- IV sodium bicarbonate ( to balance out the acidity of potassium) - Sodium polystyrene sulphonate or hemodialysis to remove the potassium
47
Sodium values
135-145 mmol/L
48
Causes of hyponatremia
- Some conditions that cause hypokalemia - Excessive perspiration
49
Symptoms of hyponatremia
Lethargy, stomach cramps, hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures
50
Symptoms of hypernatremia
- Water retention (edema), hypertension - Red, flushed skin; dry, sticky mucous membranes; increased thirst; elevated temperature; decreased or absent urinary output
51
Causes of hypernatremia
Poor kidney excretion stemming from kidney malfunction/inadequate water consumption
52
Treatment of mild hyponatremia
- Oral sodium chloride
53
Treatment of severe hyponatremia
IV normal saline or lactated ringer's solution
54
Adverse effects of oral sodium
nausea vomiting and cramp
55
Adverse effects of IV administration sodium
Venous phlebitis (inflammation at the site)
56
What should one assess before giving potassium
Electrocardiogram
57
What rate should IV potassium be given (not on cardiac monitors)
10 mmol/hr
58
What rate should IV potassium be given (on cardiac monitors)
20 mmol/her
59
How should potassium not be given
IV bolus or undiluted
60
0.9% IV NS is compatible with..
packed RBC

nurs 252 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions