Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nurs 252 > Antitubercular Drugs > Flashcards

Antitubercular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How is TB characterized

A

Granulomas in the lungs, accumulations of Macrophages and lymphocytes in the lungs, may have a cheesy or caseated consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common infection sites

A
  • Lung (primary site)
  • Brain (cerebral cortex)
  • Bone
  • Liver
  • Kidney
  • Gi tract
  • All tissue and organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is TB passed

A

Through infected human, cows(bovine) and birds(avian) by conveying droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is mycobacterium Tuberculosis hard to kill/treat

A

It is slow growing making it hard to kill as most stop the growth, needing extended treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stages of infections

A

First infection: Primary TB infection
Reinfection: chronic form of disease
Dormancy: may test positive but are not necessarily infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is MDR-TB resistant to

A

Isoniazid(INH) and rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How long is treatment of MDR-TB after close contact

A

6-9months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two phases of Therapy

A

Initial intensive phase with two medications
Continuation phase with three or more medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First Line of Drugs (RIPE)

A

isoniazid: primary drug
ethambutol hydrochloride
pyrazinamide
rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Second-Line Drugs

A

amikacin sulphate
levofloxacin hemihydrate
moxifloxacin hydrochloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Isoniazid (Isotamine) used for

A

Primary choice for TB and used alone or in combination with other drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is Isoniazid (Isotamine) metabolized

A

metabolized through the liver by acetylators
If slow acetylators one might need to decrease the dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are slow acetylators

A

Clears up the drug from the liver just takes longer than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adverse effects isoniazid (Isotamine®)

A

Peripheral neuritis, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia, discoloration of body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is B6 needed when taking isoniazid (Isotamine®)

A

To treat peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Ethambutol hydrochloride used for

A

First line of therapy may be used for mycobacteria diseases

17
Q

Contraindication/Adverse effect Ethambutol hydrochloride

A

Contraindicated: 13 years and under
Adverse Effect: Visual changes

18
Q

What is Pyrazinamide used for

A

Part of first line therapy

19
Q

Contraindication of Pyrazinamide

A

Patients with gout and severe liver disease, and hesitantly pregnant patients as there is not enough data

20
Q

WHat is Rifampin used for

A

First line but also used against meningococcus, Haemophilus influenza B and leprosy

21
Q

Adverse effect of Rifampin

A

Discolouration of Skin, cerebrospinal fluid, tongue and bodily secretions. Also may cause hematological disorders

22
Q

What is Purified protein derivative (PPD) (Mantoux®)

A

An intradermal injection to detect exposure of TB organism

23
Q

What is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

A

It is a vaccine for TB from an inactive strain
Used mainly in the first nations communities.
Reduces active TB
Can cause a fake positive test

24
Q

Main effect of drug therapy

A

Reduction of cough therefore reducing the risk of infecting others

25
Q

T or F: Most cases of TB can be cures

A

True

26
Q

How long is successful treatment

A

6 months of antibiotic’s and can be as long as 12 months

27
Q

Onset of anti-tubercular drugs

A

2-3 wks

28
Q

Why would one perform a drug susceptibility test(test to see what drugs work on the bacteria) on the first Mycobacterium spp.?

A

To see if it is MDR-TB and to prevent development of it

29
Q

When would one start a regiment of antitubercular drug therapy? before or after the susceptiability test?

A

Before the results to reduce the chances of a development of resistance and then adjust after results are known

30
Q

Variables of effectiveness of the therapy

A
  • TYpe of infection
  • Adequate dosing
  • Sufficient duration of treatment
  • Adherence to drug regimen
  • Selection of effective drug combinations
31
Q

Problems that may affect TB therapy

A
  • Drug resistant organisms
  • Drug toxicity
  • Patient nonadherence
  • MDR-TB
32
Q

For those taking INH or Rifampin what kind of assessments should you be doing before therapy

A

Liver function assessment especially older adults who drink alcohol daily

33
Q

What should the patient not consume when taking these medications

A

Alcohol and OTC meds unless prescribes say otherwise

34
Q

Which drug causes oral contraceptives to be ineffective

A

Rifampin

35
Q

When should you obtain a sputum culture

A

morning

36
Q
A

nurs 252 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions