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nurs 252 > Antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does a virus need to survive

A

They need to be able to replicate

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2
Q

How do virus replicate

A

They attach to the cell and enter it. They then use the host cells energy to create DNA and RNA to replicate the virus

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3
Q

Why are viruses difficult to kill

A

Because they live in the cell and to kill the virus you need to kill the cell

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4
Q

Most viral illnesses are ____ but ______

A

Bothersome but survivable

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5
Q

How do antiviral drugs work

A

Kill/ suppress the virus by destroying virions or inhibiting the ability of virus to replicate

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6
Q

What do immunoglobins do

A

They are concentrated antibodies that can attack and destroy viruses

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7
Q

Key characteristics of antiviral drugs

A
  • Able to enter infected cells
  • interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis and/or regulation
  • Prevent the fusion process
  • Stimulate the bodies immune system
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8
Q

Why does having a healthy immune system increase the response of antiviral medications

A

A healthy immune response works together to help eliminate the viral activity

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9
Q

What is an opportunistic infection

A

Is an infection that happens in someone who is immunocompromised and normally wouldnt happen if they were healthy.

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10
Q

treatment of an opportunistic infection

A

long term prophylaxis and anti-infective drug therapy

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11
Q

Difference between antiviral drugs and antiretroviral drugs

A

Antiviral drugs treat virus other than HIV and antiretroviral treat infections caused by HIV

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12
Q

What is Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2

A

Genital herpes that are highly transmissible and can be transferred to neonatal through delivery

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13
Q

What is HHV 3 (VZV)

A

It is chicken pox and shingles

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14
Q

How is chicken pox treated

A

A Varicella virus vaccine

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15
Q

How is shingles treated

A
  • Pain opioids
  • Acyclovir
  • Zostavax
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16
Q

When should acyclovir be usedd

A
  • Should be used for treatment of recurrent episodes.
  • should be used 72 hours once symptoms of shingles occur
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17
Q

acyclovir IV

A

administer over 1 hr

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18
Q

MOA of antiviral drugs (non-HIV)

A

Blocks the activity of a polymerase enzyme that normally creates the new viral genomes (prevents replication)

19
Q

Adverse effect of antiviral drugs (Non-HIV)

A

Varies between drugs but the drugs do kill the cells which may result in toxicities

20
Q

What does amantadine hydrochloride do

A

It is used only against influenza A but is mostly not recommended to be used to treat/prevent it

21
Q

amantadine hydrochloride adverse effects

A

CNS: insomnia, nervousness, light-headedness
GI: anorexia, nausea, others

22
Q

What is Acyclovir

A

Is used as a HSV1/2 and VZV antiviral drug that suppresses the replication.

23
Q

What is ganciclovir hydrochloride

A
  • Prevents replication of the DNA
  • Treats infections caused by CMV most prominent CMV retinitis (infection of the retina)
24
Q

ganciclovir hcl is associated with

A

dose limiting toxicity with bone marrow suppression. (wait until blood cells are repaired before administering another dose)

25
Q

What/when should is oseltamivir phosphate and zanamivir be used for

A

Used for influenza type A and B and should be used withing 2 days of symptoms

26
Q

Difference between oseltamivir phosphate and zanamivir

A
  • oseltamivir phosphate is oral use only which may cause nausea and vomiting
  • zanamivir: is inhalation and may cause diarrhea, nausea and sinusitis
27
Q

which drug is used prophylactically and as treatment for influenza

A

oseltamivir phosphate

28
Q

Treatment for hepatitis C

A

Ribavirin orally

29
Q

What is ribavirin

A

Prevents replication of hepatitis C and is used both orally and through nasal inhalation (used for infants with respiratory infections). Contraindicated in pregnant women and their partners.

30
Q

Four stage of HIV infection

A

1: asymptomatic infection (ex- swollen lymphnodes)
2: early general symptoms of disease (fever, rash, weight loss)
3: moderate symptoms (more weight loss, diarrhea)
4: Severe symptoms including AIDS-defining illness often leading to death

31
Q

How is highly active antiretroviral get treated

A
  • Three different medication that work in different ways to reduce the viral load
32
Q

5 types of antiretroviral drugs

A
  • Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Protease inhibitors
  • Fusion inhibitor
  • Entry inhibitor
  • Integrase inhibitor
33
Q

What is Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

They block the activity of the enzyme “reverse transcriptase” preventing the production of new viral DNA

34
Q

2 subclasses of reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

NRTI and NNRTI

35
Q

What is Protease inhibitors

A

Inhibit the protease retroviral enzyme preventing vrial replication

36
Q

Fusion inhibitor

A

Prevents viral fusion (the virus entering the cell) also preventing replication

37
Q

What is indinavir

A
  • is a protease inhibitor that also increase the production of WBC which reduces the viral load
  • Should be taken w/out foods as proteins and fats reduce absorption
  • Should drink lots of fluids to reduce kidney stones
38
Q

What is Zidovudine

A
  • Is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor but can cause bone marrow suppression
  • Taken with Didanosine (NRTI) to avoid bone marrow suppression
39
Q

how long should pt sit upright after taking zidovudine

A

30 mins to prevent esophageal ulceration

40
Q

What is enfuvirtide

A
  • It is a fusion inhibitor, preventing the attachment of a virion (viral/infectious particle) to the cell preventing replication
  • Only injectable
41
Q

How to prevent the infection of HIV from occupation exposure

A
  • Tenofovir (NRTI) + Lamivudine (NRTI) + Raltegravir (integrase inhibitor)
  • Blood testing 72hrs within exposure
42
Q

obtain baseline __, ___, ___ before antiviral drug admin

A

vitals, nutritional status and weight

43
Q
A

nurs 252 (23 decks)

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