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nurs 252 > Antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does a virus need to survive

A

They need to be able to replicate

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2
Q

How do virus replicate

A

They attach to the cell and enter it. They then use the host cells energy to create DNA and RNA to replicate the virus

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3
Q

Why are viruses difficult to kill

A

Because they live in the cell and to kill the virus you need to kill the cell

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4
Q

Most viral illnesses are ____ but ______

A

Bothersome but survivable

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5
Q

How do antiviral drugs work

A

Kill/ suppress the virus by destroying virions or inhibiting the ability of virus to replicate

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6
Q

What do immunoglobins do

A

They are concentrated antibodies that can attack and destroy viruses

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7
Q

Key characteristics of antiviral drugs

A
  • Able to enter infected cells
  • interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis and/or regulation
  • Prevent the fusion process
  • Stimulate the bodies immune system
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8
Q

Why does having a healthy immune system increase the response of antiviral medications

A

A healthy immune response works together to help eliminate the viral activity

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9
Q

What is an opportunistic infection

A

Is an infection that happens in someone who is immunocompromised and normally wouldnt happen if they were healthy.

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10
Q

treatment of an opportunistic infection

A

long term prophylaxis and anti-infective drug therapy

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11
Q

Difference between antiviral drugs and antiretroviral drugs

A

Antiviral drugs treat virus other than HIV and antiretroviral treat infections caused by HIV

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12
Q

What is Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2

A

Genital herpes that are highly transmissible and can be transferred to neonatal through delivery

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13
Q

What is HHV 3 (VZV)

A

It is chicken pox and shingles

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14
Q

How is chicken pox treated

A

A Varicella virus vaccine

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15
Q

How is shingles treated

A
  • Pain opioids
  • Acyclovir
  • Zostavax
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16
Q

When should acyclovir be usedd

A
  • Should be used for treatment of recurrent episodes.
  • should be used 72 hours once symptoms of shingles occur
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17
Q

acyclovir IV

A

administer over 1 hr

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18
Q

MOA of antiviral drugs (non-HIV)

A

Blocks the activity of a polymerase enzyme that normally creates the new viral genomes (prevents replication)

19
Q

Adverse effect of antiviral drugs (Non-HIV)

A

Varies between drugs but the drugs do kill the cells which may result in toxicities

20
Q

What does amantadine hydrochloride do

A

It is used only against influenza A but is mostly not recommended to be used to treat/prevent it

21
Q

amantadine hydrochloride adverse effects

A

CNS: insomnia, nervousness, light-headedness
GI: anorexia, nausea, others

22
Q

What is Acyclovir

A

Is used as a HSV1/2 and VZV antiviral drug that suppresses the replication.

23
Q

What is ganciclovir hydrochloride

A
  • Prevents replication of the DNA
  • Treats infections caused by CMV most prominent CMV retinitis (infection of the retina)
24
Q

ganciclovir hcl is associated with

A

dose limiting toxicity with bone marrow suppression. (wait until blood cells are repaired before administering another dose)

25
What/when should is oseltamivir phosphate and zanamivir be used for
Used for influenza type A and B and should be used withing 2 days of symptoms
26
Difference between oseltamivir phosphate and zanamivir
- oseltamivir phosphate is oral use only which may cause nausea and vomiting - zanamivir: is inhalation and may cause diarrhea, nausea and sinusitis
27
which drug is used prophylactically and as treatment for influenza
oseltamivir phosphate
28
Treatment for hepatitis C
Ribavirin orally
29
What is ribavirin
Prevents replication of hepatitis C and is used both orally and through nasal inhalation (used for infants with respiratory infections). Contraindicated in pregnant women and their partners.
30
Four stage of HIV infection
1: asymptomatic infection (ex- swollen lymphnodes) 2: early general symptoms of disease (fever, rash, weight loss) 3: moderate symptoms (more weight loss, diarrhea) 4: Severe symptoms including AIDS-defining illness often leading to death
31
How is highly active antiretroviral get treated
- Three different medication that work in different ways to reduce the viral load
32
5 types of antiretroviral drugs
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Protease inhibitors - Fusion inhibitor - Entry inhibitor - Integrase inhibitor
33
What is Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
They block the activity of the enzyme "reverse transcriptase" preventing the production of new viral DNA
34
2 subclasses of reverse transcriptase inhibitors
NRTI and NNRTI
35
What is Protease inhibitors
Inhibit the protease retroviral enzyme preventing vrial replication
36
Fusion inhibitor
Prevents viral fusion (the virus entering the cell) also preventing replication
37
What is indinavir
- is a protease inhibitor that also increase the production of WBC which reduces the viral load - Should be taken w/out foods as proteins and fats reduce absorption - Should drink lots of fluids to reduce kidney stones
38
What is Zidovudine
- Is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor but can cause bone marrow suppression - Taken with Didanosine (NRTI) to avoid bone marrow suppression
39
how long should pt sit upright after taking zidovudine
30 mins to prevent esophageal ulceration
40
What is enfuvirtide
- It is a fusion inhibitor, preventing the attachment of a virion (viral/infectious particle) to the cell preventing replication - Only injectable
41
How to prevent the infection of HIV from occupation exposure
- Tenofovir (NRTI) + Lamivudine (NRTI) + Raltegravir (integrase inhibitor) - Blood testing 72hrs within exposure
42
obtain baseline __, ___, ___ before antiviral drug admin
vitals, nutritional status and weight
43

nurs 252 (23 decks)

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